forked from sheetjs/docs.sheetjs.com
620 lines
16 KiB
Plaintext
620 lines
16 KiB
Plaintext
---
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title: HTTP Downloads
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pagination_next: demos/net/upload/index
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---
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<head>
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<script src="https://unpkg.com/axios@1.6.5/dist/axios.min.js"></script>
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<script src="https://unpkg.com/superagent@8.1.2/dist/superagent.min.js"></script>
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</head>
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import current from '/version.js';
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import CodeBlock from '@theme/CodeBlock';
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`XMLHttpRequest` and `fetch` browser APIs enable binary data transfer between
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web browser clients and web servers. Since this library works in web browsers,
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server conversion work can be offloaded to the client! This demo shows a few
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common scenarios involving browser APIs and popular wrapper libraries.
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:::info pass
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This demo focuses on downloading files. Other demos cover other HTTP use cases:
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- ["HTTP Uploads"](/docs/demos/net/upload) covers uploading files
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- ["HTTP Server Processing"](/docs/demos/net/server) covers HTTP servers
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:::
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:::caution Third-Party Hosts and Binary Data
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Third-party cloud platforms such as AWS may corrupt raw binary downloads by
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encoding requests and responses in UTF-8 strings.
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For AWS, in the "Binary Media Types" section of the API Gateway console, the
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`"application/vnd.ms-excel"` type should be added to ensure that AWS Lambda
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functions functions can send files to clients.
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:::
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## Downloading Binary Data
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Most interesting spreadsheet files are binary data that contain byte sequences
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that represent invalid UTF-8 characters.
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APIs generally provide options to control how downloaded data is interpreted.
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The `arraybuffer` response type usually forces the data to be presented as an
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`ArrayBuffer` object which can be parsed with the SheetJS `read` method[^1].
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The following example shows the data flow using `fetch` to download files:
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```mermaid
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flowchart LR
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server[(Remote\nFile)]
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response(Response\nobject)
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subgraph SheetJS operations
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ab(XLSX Data\nArrayBuffer)
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wb(((SheetJS\nWorkbook)))
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end
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server --> |`fetch`\nGET request| response
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response --> |`arrayBuffer`\n\n| ab
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ab --> |`read`\n\n| wb
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```
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```js
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/* download data into an ArrayBuffer object */
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const res = await fetch("https://sheetjs.com/pres.numbers");
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const ab = await res.arrayBuffer(); // recover data as ArrayBuffer
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/* parse file */
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const wb = XLSX.read(ab);
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```
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## Browser Demos
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When the page is accessed, the browser will attempt to download https://sheetjs.com/pres.numbers
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and read the workbook. The old table will be replaced with a table whose
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contents match the first worksheet. The table is generated using the SheetJS
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`sheet_to_html` method[^2]
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:::note Tested Deployments
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Each browser demo was tested in the following environments:
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| Browser | Date |
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|:------------|:-----------|
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| Chrome 120 | 2024-01-30 |
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| Safari 17.2 | 2024-01-15 |
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:::
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### XMLHttpRequest
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For downloading data, the `arraybuffer` response type generates an `ArrayBuffer`
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that can be viewed as an `Uint8Array` and fed to the SheetJS `read` method. For
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legacy browsers, the option `type: "array"` should be specified:
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```js
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/* set up an async GET request */
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var req = new XMLHttpRequest();
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req.open("GET", url, true);
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req.responseType = "arraybuffer";
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req.onload = function(e) {
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/* parse the data when it is received */
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var data = new Uint8Array(req.response);
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var workbook = XLSX.read(data, {type:"array"});
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/* DO SOMETHING WITH workbook HERE */
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};
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req.send();
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```
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<details>
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<summary><b>Live Download demo</b> (click to show)</summary>
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This demo uses `XMLHttpRequest` to download https://sheetjs.com/pres.numbers
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and show the data in an HTML table.
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```jsx live
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function SheetJSXHRDL() {
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const [__html, setHTML] = React.useState("");
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/* Fetch and update HTML */
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React.useEffect(() => { (async() => {
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/* Fetch file */
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const req = new XMLHttpRequest();
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req.open("GET", "https://sheetjs.com/pres.numbers", true);
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req.responseType = "arraybuffer";
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req.onload = e => {
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/* Parse file */
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const wb = XLSX.read(new Uint8Array(req.response));
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const ws = wb.Sheets[wb.SheetNames[0]];
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/* Generate HTML */
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setHTML(XLSX.utils.sheet_to_html(ws));
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};
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req.send();
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})(); }, []);
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return ( <div dangerouslySetInnerHTML={{ __html }}/> );
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}
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```
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</details>
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### fetch
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For downloading data, `Response#arrayBuffer` resolves to an `ArrayBuffer` that
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can be converted to `Uint8Array` and passed to the SheetJS `read` method:
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```js
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fetch(url).then(function(res) {
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/* get the data as a Blob */
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if(!res.ok) throw new Error("fetch failed");
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return res.arrayBuffer();
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}).then(function(ab) {
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/* parse the data when it is received */
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var data = new Uint8Array(ab);
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var workbook = XLSX.read(data, {type:"array"});
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/* DO SOMETHING WITH workbook HERE */
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});
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```
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<details>
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<summary><b>Live Download demo</b> (click to show)</summary>
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This demo uses `fetch` to download https://sheetjs.com/pres.numbers and show
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the data in an HTML table.
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```jsx live
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function SheetJSFetchDL() {
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const [__html, setHTML] = React.useState("");
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/* Fetch and update HTML */
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React.useEffect(() => { (async() => {
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/* Fetch file */
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const res = await fetch("https://sheetjs.com/pres.numbers");
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const ab = await res.arrayBuffer();
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/* Parse file */
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const wb = XLSX.read(ab);
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const ws = wb.Sheets[wb.SheetNames[0]];
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/* Generate HTML */
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setHTML(XLSX.utils.sheet_to_html(ws));
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})(); }, []);
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return ( <div dangerouslySetInnerHTML={{ __html }}/> );
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}
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```
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</details>
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### jQuery
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[jQuery](https://jquery.com/) is a JavaScript library that includes helpers for
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performing "Ajax" network requests. `jQuery.ajax` (`$.ajax`) does not support
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binary data out of the box[^3]. A custom `ajaxTransport` can add support.
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SheetJS users have reported success with `jquery.binarytransport.js`[^4] in IE10.
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After including the main `jquery.js` and `jquery.binarytransport.js` scripts,
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`$.ajax` will support `dataType: "binary"` and `processData: false`.
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**[Live Download Demo](pathname:///jquery/index.html)**
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In a GET request, the default behavior is to return a `Blob` object. Passing
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`responseType: "arraybuffer"` returns a proper `ArrayBuffer` object in IE10:
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```js
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$.ajax({
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type: "GET", url: "https://sheetjs.com/pres.numbers",
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/* suppress jQuery post-processing */
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// highlight-next-line
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processData: false,
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/* use the binary transport */
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// highlight-next-line
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dataType: "binary",
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/* pass an ArrayBuffer in the callback */
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// highlight-next-line
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responseType: "arraybuffer",
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success: function (ab) {
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/* at this point, ab is an ArrayBuffer */
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// highlight-next-line
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var wb = XLSX.read(ab);
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/* do something with workbook here */
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var ws = wb.Sheets[wb.SheetNames[0]];
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var html = XLSX.utils.sheet_to_html(ws);
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$("#out").html(html);
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}
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});
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```
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### Wrapper Libraries
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Before `fetch` shipped with browsers, there were various wrapper libraries to
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simplify `XMLHttpRequest`. Due to limitations with `fetch`, these libraries are
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still relevant.
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#### axios
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[`axios`](https://axios-http.com/) presents a Promise based interface. Setting
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`responseType` to `arraybuffer` ensures the return type is an ArrayBuffer. The
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`data` property of the result can be passed to the SheetJS `read` method:
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```js
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async function workbook_dl_axios(url) {
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const res = await axios(url, {responseType:'arraybuffer'});
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const workbook = XLSX.read(res.data);
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return workbook;
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}
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```
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<details>
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<summary><b>Live Download demo</b> (click to show)</summary>
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This demo uses `axios` to download https://sheetjs.com/pres.numbers and show
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the data in an HTML table.
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:::caution pass
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If the live demo shows a message
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```
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ReferenceError: axios is not defined
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```
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please refresh the page. This is a known bug in the documentation generator.
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:::
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```jsx live
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function SheetJSAxiosDL() {
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const [__html, setHTML] = React.useState("");
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/* Fetch and update HTML */
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React.useEffect(() => { (async() => {
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if(typeof axios != "function") return setHTML("ReferenceError: axios is not defined");
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/* Fetch file */
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const res = await axios("https://sheetjs.com/pres.numbers", {responseType: "arraybuffer"});
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/* Parse file */
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const wb = XLSX.read(res.data);
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const ws = wb.Sheets[wb.SheetNames[0]];
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/* Generate HTML */
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setHTML(XLSX.utils.sheet_to_html(ws));
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})(); }, []);
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return ( <div dangerouslySetInnerHTML={{ __html }}/> );
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}
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```
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</details>
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#### superagent
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[`superagent`](https://ladjs.github.io/superagent/) is a network request library
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with a "Fluent Interface". Calling the `responseType` method with
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`"arraybuffer"` will ensure the final response object is an `ArrayBuffer`:
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```js
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/* set up an async GET request with superagent */
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superagent
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.get(url)
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.responseType('arraybuffer')
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.end(function(err, res) {
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/* parse the data when it is received */
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var data = new Uint8Array(res.body);
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var workbook = XLSX.read(data, {type:"array"});
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/* DO SOMETHING WITH workbook HERE */
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});
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```
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<details>
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<summary><b>Live Download demo</b> (click to show)</summary>
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This demo uses `superagent` to download https://sheetjs.com/pres.numbers and
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show the data in an HTML table.
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:::caution pass
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If the live demo shows a message
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```
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ReferenceError: superagent is not defined
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```
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please refresh the page. This is a known bug in the documentation generator.
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:::
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```jsx live
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function SheetJSSuperAgentDL() {
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const [__html, setHTML] = React.useState("");
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/* Fetch and update HTML */
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React.useEffect(() => { (async() => {
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if(typeof superagent == "undefined" || typeof superagent.get != "function")
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return setHTML("ReferenceError: superagent is not defined");
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/* Fetch file */
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superagent
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.get("https://sheetjs.com/pres.numbers")
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.responseType("arraybuffer")
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.end((err, res) => {
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/* Parse file */
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const wb = XLSX.read(res.body);
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const ws = wb.Sheets[wb.SheetNames[0]];
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/* Generate HTML */
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setHTML(XLSX.utils.sheet_to_html(ws));
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});
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})(); }, []);
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return ( <div dangerouslySetInnerHTML={{ __html }}/> );
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}
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```
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</details>
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## NodeJS Demos
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These examples show how to download data in NodeJS.
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### HTTPS GET
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The `https` module provides a low-level `get` method for HTTPS GET requests:
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```js title="SheetJSHTTPSGet.js"
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var https = require("https"), XLSX = require("xlsx");
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https.get('https://sheetjs.com/pres.numbers', function(res) {
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var bufs = [];
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res.on('data', function(chunk) { bufs.push(chunk); });
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res.on('end', function() {
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var buf = Buffer.concat(bufs);
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var wb = XLSX.read(buf);
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/* print the first worksheet to console */
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var ws = wb.Sheets[wb.SheetNames[0]];
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console.log(XLSX.utils.sheet_to_csv(ws));
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});
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});
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```
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<details>
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<summary><b>Complete Example</b> (click to show)</summary>
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:::note Tested Environments
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This demo was last tested on 2024 January 15 against NodeJS `20.11.0`
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:::
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1) Install the [NodeJS module](/docs/getting-started/installation/nodejs)
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<CodeBlock language="bash">{`\
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npm i --save https://cdn.sheetjs.com/xlsx-${current}/xlsx-${current}.tgz`}
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</CodeBlock>
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2) Copy the `SheetJSHTTPSGet.js` code snippet to a file `SheetJSHTTPSGet.js`
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3) Run the script:
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```bash
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node SheetJSHTTPSGet.js
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```
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If successful, the script will print CSV contents of the test file.
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</details>
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### fetch
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:::caution pass
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Experimental support for `fetch` was introduced in NodeJS `16.15.0`. It will be
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considered stable in NodeJS LTS version `22`.
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:::
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The `fetch` implementation has the same return types as the browser version:
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```js
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async function parse_from_url(url) {
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const res = await fetch(url);
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if(!res.ok) throw new Error("fetch failed");
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const ab = await res.arrayBuffer();
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const workbook = XLSX.read(ab);
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return workbook;
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}
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```
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<details>
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<summary><b>Complete Example</b> (click to show)</summary>
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:::note Tested Environments
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This demo was last tested on 2024 January 15 against NodeJS `20.11.0`
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:::
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1) Install the [NodeJS module](/docs/getting-started/installation/nodejs)
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<CodeBlock language="bash">{`\
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npm i --save https://cdn.sheetjs.com/xlsx-${current}/xlsx-${current}.tgz`}
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</CodeBlock>
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2) Save the following to `SheetJSFetch.js`:
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```js title="SheetJSFetch.js"
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var XLSX = require("xlsx");
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async function parse_from_url(url) {
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const res = await fetch(url);
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if(!res.ok) throw new Error("fetch failed");
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const ab = await res.arrayBuffer();
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const workbook = XLSX.read(ab);
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return workbook;
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}
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(async() => {
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const wb = await parse_from_url('https://sheetjs.com/pres.numbers');
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/* print the first worksheet to console */
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var ws = wb.Sheets[wb.SheetNames[0]];
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console.log(XLSX.utils.sheet_to_csv(ws));
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})();
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```
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3) Run the script:
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```bash
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node SheetJSFetch.js
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```
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If successful, the script will print CSV contents of the test file.
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</details>
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### Wrapper Libraries
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The latest releases of NodeJS support `fetch` natively. Before `fetch` support
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was added to the platform, third party modules wrapped the native APIs.
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#### request
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:::danger pass
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`request` has been deprecated and should only be used in legacy deployments.
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:::
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Setting the option `encoding: null` passes raw buffers:
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```js title="SheetJSRequest.js"
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var XLSX = require('xlsx'), request = require('request');
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var url = 'https://sheetjs.com/pres.numbers';
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/* call `request` with the option `encoding: null` */
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// highlight-next-line
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request(url, {encoding: null}, function(err, res, data) {
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if(err || res.statusCode !== 200) return;
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/* if the request was successful, parse the data */
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// highlight-next-line
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var wb = XLSX.read(data);
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/* print the first worksheet to console */
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var ws = wb.Sheets[wb.SheetNames[0]];
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console.log(XLSX.utils.sheet_to_csv(ws));
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});
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```
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<details>
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<summary><b>Complete Example</b> (click to show)</summary>
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:::note Tested Environments
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This demo was last tested on 2024 January 15 against request `2.88.2`
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:::
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1) Install the [NodeJS module](/docs/getting-started/installation/nodejs)
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<CodeBlock language="bash">{`\
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npm i --save https://cdn.sheetjs.com/xlsx-${current}/xlsx-${current}.tgz request@2.88.2`}
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</CodeBlock>
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2) Copy the `SheetJSRequest.js` code snippet to a file `SheetJSRequest.js`
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3) Run the script:
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```bash
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node SheetJSRequest.js
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```
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If successful, the script will print CSV contents of the test file.
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</details>
|
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|
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#### axios
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When the `responseType` is `"arraybuffer"`, `axios` actually captures the data
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in a NodeJS Buffer. The SheetJS `read` method handles NodeJS Buffer objects:
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```js title="SheetJSAxios.js"
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const XLSX = require("xlsx"), axios = require("axios");
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async function workbook_dl_axios(url) {
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const res = await axios(url, {responseType:'arraybuffer'});
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/* at this point, res.data is a Buffer */
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const workbook = XLSX.read(res.data);
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return workbook;
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}
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```
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<details>
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<summary><b>Complete Example</b> (click to show)</summary>
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:::note Tested Environments
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This demo was last tested on 2024 January 15 against Axios `1.6.5`
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:::
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1) Install the [NodeJS module](/docs/getting-started/installation/nodejs)
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<CodeBlock language="bash">{`\
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npm i --save https://cdn.sheetjs.com/xlsx-${current}/xlsx-${current}.tgz axios@1.6.5`}
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</CodeBlock>
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2) Save the following to `SheetJSAxios.js`:
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```js title="SheetJSAxios.js"
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const XLSX = require("xlsx"), axios = require("axios");
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async function workbook_dl_axios(url) {
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const res = await axios(url, {responseType:'arraybuffer'});
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/* at this point, res.data is a Buffer */
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const workbook = XLSX.read(res.data);
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return workbook;
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}
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(async() => {
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const wb = await workbook_dl_axios('https://sheetjs.com/pres.numbers');
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/* print the first worksheet to console */
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var ws = wb.Sheets[wb.SheetNames[0]];
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console.log(XLSX.utils.sheet_to_csv(ws));
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})();
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```
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3) Run the script:
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```bash
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node SheetJSAxios.js
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```
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If successful, the script will print CSV contents of the test file.
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</details>
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## Other Platforms
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Other demos show network operations in special platforms:
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- [React Native "Fetching Remote Data"](/docs/demos/mobile/reactnative#fetching-remote-data)
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- [NativeScript "Fetching Remote Files"](/docs/demos/mobile/nativescript#fetching-remote-files)
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- [AngularJS "Remote Files"](/docs/demos/frontend/angularjs#remote-files)
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- [Dojo Toolkit "Parsing Remote Files"](/docs/demos/frontend/dojo#parsing-remote-files)
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[^1]: See [`read` in "Reading Files"](/docs/api/parse-options)
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[^2]: See [`sheet_to_html` in "Utilities"](/docs/api/utilities/html#html-table-output)
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[^3]: See [`dataType` in `jQuery.ajax`](https://api.jquery.com/jQuery.ajax/) in the official jQuery documentation.
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[^4]: See [the official `jquery.binarytransport.js` repo](https://github.com/henrya/js-jquery/tree/master/BinaryTransport) for more details.
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