# [SheetJS js-xlsx](http://sheetjs.com) Parser and writer for various spreadsheet formats. Pure-JS cleanroom implementation from official specifications, related documents, and test files. Emphasis on parsing and writing robustness, cross-format feature compatibility with a unified JS representation, and ES3/ES5 browser compatibility back to IE6. This is the community version. We also offer a pro version with performance enhancements, additional features like styling, and dedicated support. [**Pro Version**](http://sheetjs.com/pro) [**Commercial Support**](http://sheetjs.com/support) [**Rendered Documentation**](http://docs.sheetjs.com/) [**In-Browser Demos**](http://sheetjs.com/demos) [**Source Code**](http://git.io/xlsx) [**Issues and Bug Reports**](https://github.com/sheetjs/js-xlsx/issues) [**Other General Support Issues**](https://discourse.sheetjs.com) [**File format support for known spreadsheet data formats:**](#file-formats) ![circo graph of format support](formats.png) ![graph legend](legend.png) [**Browser Test**](http://oss.sheetjs.com/js-xlsx/tests/) [![Build Status](https://saucelabs.com/browser-matrix/sheetjs.svg)](https://saucelabs.com/u/sheetjs) [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/SheetJS/js-xlsx.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/SheetJS/js-xlsx) [![Build Status](https://semaphoreci.com/api/v1/sheetjs/js-xlsx/branches/master/shields_badge.svg)](https://semaphoreci.com/sheetjs/js-xlsx) [![Coverage Status](http://img.shields.io/coveralls/SheetJS/js-xlsx/master.svg)](https://coveralls.io/r/SheetJS/js-xlsx?branch=master) [![Dependencies Status](https://david-dm.org/sheetjs/js-xlsx/status.svg)](https://david-dm.org/sheetjs/js-xlsx) [![npm Downloads](https://img.shields.io/npm/dt/xlsx.svg)](https://npmjs.org/package/xlsx) [![ghit.me](https://ghit.me/badge.svg?repo=sheetjs/js-xlsx)](https://ghit.me/repo/sheetjs/js-xlsx) [![Analytics](https://ga-beacon.appspot.com/UA-36810333-1/SheetJS/js-xlsx?pixel)](https://github.com/SheetJS/js-xlsx) ## Table of Contents - [Installation](#installation) * [JS Ecosystem Demos](#js-ecosystem-demos) * [Optional Modules](#optional-modules) * [ECMAScript 5 Compatibility](#ecmascript-5-compatibility) - [Philosophy](#philosophy) - [Parsing Workbooks](#parsing-workbooks) * [Parsing Examples](#parsing-examples) * [Streaming Read](#streaming-read) - [Working with the Workbook](#working-with-the-workbook) * [Parsing and Writing Examples](#parsing-and-writing-examples) - [Writing Workbooks](#writing-workbooks) * [Writing Examples](#writing-examples) * [Streaming Write](#streaming-write) - [Interface](#interface) * [Parsing functions](#parsing-functions) * [Writing functions](#writing-functions) * [Utilities](#utilities) - [Common Spreadsheet Format](#common-spreadsheet-format) * [General Structures](#general-structures) * [Cell Object](#cell-object) + [Data Types](#data-types) + [Dates](#dates) * [Sheet Objects](#sheet-objects) + [Worksheet Object](#worksheet-object) + [Chartsheet Object](#chartsheet-object) + [Macrosheet Object](#macrosheet-object) + [Dialogsheet Object](#dialogsheet-object) * [Workbook Object](#workbook-object) + [Workbook File Properties](#workbook-file-properties) * [Workbook-Level Attributes](#workbook-level-attributes) + [Defined Names](#defined-names) + [Workbook Views](#workbook-views) + [Miscellaneous Workbook Properties](#miscellaneous-workbook-properties) * [Document Features](#document-features) + [Formulae](#formulae) + [Column Properties](#column-properties) + [Row Properties](#row-properties) + [Number Formats](#number-formats) + [Hyperlinks](#hyperlinks) + [Cell Comments](#cell-comments) + [Sheet Visibility](#sheet-visibility) + [VBA and Macros](#vba-and-macros) - [Parsing Options](#parsing-options) * [Input Type](#input-type) * [Guessing File Type](#guessing-file-type) - [Writing Options](#writing-options) * [Supported Output Formats](#supported-output-formats) * [Output Type](#output-type) - [Utility Functions](#utility-functions) * [Array of Arrays Input](#array-of-arrays-input) * [Array of Objects Input](#array-of-objects-input) * [HTML Table Input](#html-table-input) * [Formulae Output](#formulae-output) * [Delimiter-Separated Output](#delimiter-separated-output) + [UTF-16 Unicode Text](#utf-16-unicode-text) * [HTML Output](#html-output) * [JSON](#json) - [File Formats](#file-formats) * [Excel 2007+ XML (XLSX/XLSM)](#excel-2007-xml-xlsxxlsm) * [Excel 2.0-95 (BIFF2/BIFF3/BIFF4/BIFF5)](#excel-20-95-biff2biff3biff4biff5) * [Excel 97-2004 Binary (BIFF8)](#excel-97-2004-binary-biff8) * [Excel 2003-2004 (SpreadsheetML)](#excel-2003-2004-spreadsheetml) * [Excel 2007+ Binary (XLSB, BIFF12)](#excel-2007-binary-xlsb-biff12) * [Delimiter-Separated Values (CSV/TXT)](#delimiter-separated-values-csvtxt) * [Other Workbook Formats](#other-workbook-formats) + [Lotus 1-2-3 (WKS/WK1/WK2/WK3/WK4/123)](#lotus-1-2-3-wkswk1wk2wk3wk4123) + [Quattro Pro (WQ1/WQ2/WB1/WB2/WB3/QPW)](#quattro-pro-wq1wq2wb1wb2wb3qpw) + [OpenDocument Spreadsheet (ODS/FODS)](#opendocument-spreadsheet-odsfods) + [Uniform Office Spreadsheet (UOS1/2)](#uniform-office-spreadsheet-uos12) * [Other Single-Worksheet Formats](#other-single-worksheet-formats) + [dBASE and Visual FoxPro (DBF)](#dbase-and-visual-foxpro-dbf) + [Symbolic Link (SYLK)](#symbolic-link-sylk) + [Lotus Formatted Text (PRN)](#lotus-formatted-text-prn) + [Data Interchange Format (DIF)](#data-interchange-format-dif) + [HTML](#html) + [Rich Text Format (RTF)](#rich-text-format-rtf) + [Ethercalc Record Format (ETH)](#ethercalc-record-format-eth) - [Testing](#testing) * [Node](#node) * [Browser](#browser) * [Tested Environments](#tested-environments) * [Test Files](#test-files) - [Contributing](#contributing) * [OSX/Linux](#osxlinux) * [Windows](#windows) * [Tests](#tests) - [License](#license) - [References](#references) ## Installation In the browser, just add a script tag: ```html ``` | CDN | URL | |-----------:|:-------------------------------------------| | `unpkg` | | | `jsDelivr` | | | `CDNjs` | | | `packd` | | `unpkg` makes the latest version available at: ```html ``` With [npm](https://www.npmjs.org/package/xlsx): ```bash $ npm install xlsx ``` With [bower](http://bower.io/search/?q=js-xlsx): ```bash $ bower install js-xlsx ``` ### JS Ecosystem Demos The [`demos` directory](demos/) includes sample projects for: **Frameworks and APIs** - [`angularjs`](demos/angular/) - [`angular 2 / 4 / 5 / 6 and ionic`](demos/angular2/) - [`knockout`](demos/knockout/) - [`meteor`](demos/meteor/) - [`react and react-native`](demos/react/) - [`vue 2.x and weex`](demos/vue/) - [`XMLHttpRequest and fetch`](demos/xhr/) - [`nodejs server`](demos/server/) - [`databases and key/value stores`](demos/database/) - [`typed arrays and math`](demos/array/) **Bundlers and Tooling** - [`browserify`](demos/browserify/) - [`fusebox`](demos/fusebox/) - [`parcel`](demos/parcel/) - [`requirejs`](demos/requirejs/) - [`rollup`](demos/rollup/) - [`systemjs`](demos/systemjs/) - [`typescript`](demos/typescript/) - [`webpack 2.x`](demos/webpack/) **Platforms and Integrations** - [`electron application`](demos/electron/) - [`nw.js application`](demos/nwjs/) - [`Chrome / Chromium extensions`](demos/chrome/) - [`Adobe ExtendScript`](demos/extendscript/) - [`Headless Browsers`](demos/headless/) - [`canvas-datagrid`](demos/datagrid/) - [`Swift JSC and other engines`](demos/altjs/) - [`"serverless" functions`](demos/function/) - [`internet explorer`](demos/oldie/) ### Optional Modules The node version automatically requires modules for additional features. Some of these modules are rather large in size and are only needed in special circumstances, so they do not ship with the core. For browser use, they must be included directly: ```html ``` An appropriate version for each dependency is included in the dist/ directory. The complete single-file version is generated at `dist/xlsx.full.min.js` Webpack and Browserify builds include optional modules by default. Webpack can be configured to remove support with `resolve.alias`: ```js /* uncomment the lines below to remove support */ resolve: { alias: { "./dist/cpexcel.js": "" } // <-- omit international support } ``` ### ECMAScript 5 Compatibility Since the library uses functions like `Array#forEach`, older browsers require [shims to provide missing functions](http://oss.sheetjs.com/js-xlsx/shim.js). To use the shim, add the shim before the script tag that loads `xlsx.js`: ```html ``` The script also includes `IE_LoadFile` and `IE_SaveFile` for loading and saving files in Internet Explorer versions 6-9. The `xlsx.extendscript.js` script bundles the shim in a format suitable for Photoshop and other Adobe products. ## Philosophy Prior to SheetJS, APIs for processing spreadsheet files were format-specific. Third-party libraries either supported one format, or they involved a separate set of classes for each supported file type. Even though XLSB was introduced in Excel 2007, nothing outside of SheetJS or Excel supported the format. To promote a format-agnostic view, js-xlsx starts from a pure-JS representation that we call the ["Common Spreadsheet Format"](#common-spreadsheet-format). Emphasizing a uniform object representation enables new features like format conversion (reading an XLSX template and saving as XLS) and circumvents the "class trap". By abstracting the complexities of the various formats, tools need not worry about the specific file type! A simple object representation combined with careful coding practices enables use cases in older browsers and in alternative environments like ExtendScript and Web Workers. It is always tempting to use the latest and greatest features, but they tend to require the latest versions of browsers, limiting usability. Utility functions capture common use cases like generating JS objects or HTML. Most simple operations should only require a few lines of code. More complex operations generally should be straightforward to implement. Excel pushes the XLSX format as default starting in Excel 2007. However, there are other formats with more appealing properties. For example, the XLSB format is spiritually similar to XLSX but files often tend up taking less than half the space and open much faster! Even though an XLSX writer is available, other format writers are available so users can take advantage of the unique characteristics of each format. The primary focus of the Community Edition is correct data interchange, focused on extracting data from any compatible data representation and exporting data in various formats suitable for any third party interface. ## Parsing Workbooks For parsing, the first step is to read the file. This involves acquiring the data and feeding it into the library. Here are a few common scenarios: `readFile` is only available in server environments. Browsers have no API for reading arbitrary files given a path, so another strategy must be used. ```js if(typeof require !== 'undefined') XLSX = require('xlsx'); var workbook = XLSX.readFile('test.xlsx'); /* DO SOMETHING WITH workbook HERE */ ``` `readFile` wraps the `File` logic in Photoshop and other ExtendScript targets. The specified path should be an absolute path: ```js #include "xlsx.extendscript.js" /* Read test.xlsx from the Documents folder */ var workbook = XLSX.readFile(Folder.myDocuments + '/' + 'test.xlsx'); /* DO SOMETHING WITH workbook HERE */ ``` The [`extendscript` demo](demos/extendscript/) includes a more complex example. The `table_to_book` and `table_to_sheet` utility functions take a DOM TABLE element and iterate through the child nodes. ```js var workbook = XLSX.utils.table_to_book(document.getElementById('tableau')); /* DO SOMETHING WITH workbook HERE */ ``` Multiple tables on a web page can be converted to individual worksheets: ```js /* create new workbook */ var workbook = XLSX.utils.book_new(); /* convert table 'table1' to worksheet named "Sheet1" */ var ws1 = XLSX.utils.table_to_sheet(document.getElementById('table1')); XLSX.utils.book_append_sheet(workbook, ws1, "Sheet1"); /* convert table 'table2' to worksheet named "Sheet2" */ var ws2 = XLSX.utils.table_to_sheet(document.getElementById('table2')); XLSX.utils.book_append_sheet(workbook, ws2, "Sheet2"); /* workbook now has 2 worksheets */ ``` Alternatively, the HTML code can be extracted and parsed: ```js var htmlstr = document.getElementById('tableau').outerHTML; var workbook = XLSX.read(htmlstr, {type:'string'}); ``` Note: for a more complete example that works in older browsers, check the demo at . The [`xhr` demo](demos/xhr/) includes more examples with `XMLHttpRequest` and `fetch`. ```js var url = "http://oss.sheetjs.com/test_files/formula_stress_test.xlsx"; /* set up async GET request */ var req = new XMLHttpRequest(); req.open("GET", url, true); req.responseType = "arraybuffer"; req.onload = function(e) { var data = new Uint8Array(req.response); var workbook = XLSX.read(data, {type:"array"}); /* DO SOMETHING WITH workbook HERE */ } req.send(); ``` Drag-and-drop uses the HTML5 `FileReader` API, loading the data with `readAsBinaryString` or `readAsArrayBuffer`. Since not all browsers support the full `FileReader` API, dynamic feature tests are highly recommended. ```js var rABS = true; // true: readAsBinaryString ; false: readAsArrayBuffer function handleDrop(e) { e.stopPropagation(); e.preventDefault(); var files = e.dataTransfer.files, f = files[0]; var reader = new FileReader(); reader.onload = function(e) { var data = e.target.result; if(!rABS) data = new Uint8Array(data); var workbook = XLSX.read(data, {type: rABS ? 'binary' : 'array'}); /* DO SOMETHING WITH workbook HERE */ }; if(rABS) reader.readAsBinaryString(f); else reader.readAsArrayBuffer(f); } drop_dom_element.addEventListener('drop', handleDrop, false); ``` Data from file input elements can be processed using the same `FileReader` API as in the drag-and-drop example: ```js var rABS = true; // true: readAsBinaryString ; false: readAsArrayBuffer function handleFile(e) { var files = e.target.files, f = files[0]; var reader = new FileReader(); reader.onload = function(e) { var data = e.target.result; if(!rABS) data = new Uint8Array(data); var workbook = XLSX.read(data, {type: rABS ? 'binary' : 'array'}); /* DO SOMETHING WITH workbook HERE */ }; if(rABS) reader.readAsBinaryString(f); else reader.readAsArrayBuffer(f); } input_dom_element.addEventListener('change', handleFile, false); ``` The [`oldie` demo](demos/oldie/) shows an IE-compatible fallback scenario. More specialized cases, including mobile app file processing, are covered in the [included demos](demos/) ### Parsing Examples - HTML5 File API / Base64 Text / Web Workers Note that older versions of IE do not support HTML5 File API, so the Base64 mode is used for testing. On OSX you can get the Base64 encoding with: ```bash $ certutil -encode target_file target_file.b64 ``` (note: You have to open the file and remove the header and footer lines) - XMLHttpRequest ### Streaming Read The most common and interesting formats (XLS, XLSX/M, XLSB, ODS) are ultimately ZIP or CFB containers of files. Neither format puts the directory structure at the beginning of the file: ZIP files place the Central Directory records at the end of the logical file, while CFB files can place the storage info anywhere in the file! As a result, to properly handle these formats, a streaming function would have to buffer the entire file before commencing. That belies the expectations of streaming, so we do not provide any streaming read API. When dealing with Readable Streams, the easiest approach is to buffer the stream and process the whole thing at the end. This can be done with a temporary file or by explicitly concatenating the stream: ```js var fs = require('fs'); var XLSX = require('xlsx'); function process_RS(stream/*:ReadStream*/, cb/*:(wb:Workbook)=>void*/)/*:void*/{ var buffers = []; stream.on('data', function(data) { buffers.push(data); }); stream.on('end', function() { var buffer = Buffer.concat(buffers); var workbook = XLSX.read(buffer, {type:"buffer"}); /* DO SOMETHING WITH workbook IN THE CALLBACK */ cb(workbook); }); } ``` More robust solutions are available using modules like `concat-stream`. This example uses [`tempfile`](https://npm.im/tempfile) to generate file names: ```js var fs = require('fs'), tempfile = require('tempfile'); var XLSX = require('xlsx'); function process_RS(stream/*:ReadStream*/, cb/*:(wb:Workbook)=>void*/)/*:void*/{ var fname = tempfile('.sheetjs'); console.log(fname); var ostream = fs.createWriteStream(fname); stream.pipe(ostream); ostream.on('finish', function() { var workbook = XLSX.readFile(fname); fs.unlinkSync(fname); /* DO SOMETHING WITH workbook IN THE CALLBACK */ cb(workbook); }); } ``` ## Working with the Workbook The full object format is described later in this README. This example extracts the value stored in cell A1 from the first worksheet: ```js var first_sheet_name = workbook.SheetNames[0]; var address_of_cell = 'A1'; /* Get worksheet */ var worksheet = workbook.Sheets[first_sheet_name]; /* Find desired cell */ var desired_cell = worksheet[address_of_cell]; /* Get the value */ var desired_value = (desired_cell ? desired_cell.v : undefined); ``` This example uses [`XLSX.utils.aoa_to_sheet`](#array-of-arrays-input) to make a sheet and `XLSX.utils.book_append_sheet` to append the sheet to the workbook: ```js var new_ws_name = "SheetJS"; /* make worksheet */ var ws_data = [ [ "S", "h", "e", "e", "t", "J", "S" ], [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ] ]; var ws = XLSX.utils.aoa_to_sheet(ws_data); /* Add the worksheet to the workbook */ XLSX.utils.book_append_sheet(wb, ws, ws_name); ``` The workbook object contains a `SheetNames` array of names and a `Sheets` object mapping sheet names to sheet objects. The `XLSX.utils.book_new` utility function creates a new workbook object: ```js /* create a new blank workbook */ var wb = XLSX.utils.book_new(); ``` The new workbook is blank and contains no worksheets. The write functions will error if the workbook is empty. ### Parsing and Writing Examples - read + modify + write files - node The node version installs a command line tool `xlsx` which can read spreadsheet files and output the contents in various formats. The source is available at `xlsx.njs` in the bin directory. Some helper functions in `XLSX.utils` generate different views of the sheets: - `XLSX.utils.sheet_to_csv` generates CSV - `XLSX.utils.sheet_to_txt` generates UTF16 Formatted Text - `XLSX.utils.sheet_to_html` generates HTML - `XLSX.utils.sheet_to_json` generates an array of objects - `XLSX.utils.sheet_to_formulae` generates a list of formulae ## Writing Workbooks For writing, the first step is to generate output data. The helper functions `write` and `writeFile` will produce the data in various formats suitable for dissemination. The second step is to actual share the data with the end point. Assuming `workbook` is a workbook object: `XLSX.writeFile` uses `fs.writeFileSync` in server environments: ```js if(typeof require !== 'undefined') XLSX = require('xlsx'); /* output format determined by filename */ XLSX.writeFile(workbook, 'out.xlsb'); /* at this point, out.xlsb is a file that you can distribute */ ``` `writeFile` wraps the `File` logic in Photoshop and other ExtendScript targets. The specified path should be an absolute path: ```js #include "xlsx.extendscript.js" /* output format determined by filename */ XLSX.writeFile(workbook, 'out.xlsx'); /* at this point, out.xlsx is a file that you can distribute */ ``` The [`extendscript` demo](demos/extendscript/) includes a more complex example. The `sheet_to_html` utility function generates HTML code that can be added to any DOM element. ```js var worksheet = workbook.Sheets[workbook.SheetNames[0]]; var container = document.getElementById('tableau'); container.innerHTML = XLSX.utils.sheet_to_html(worksheet); ``` A complete example using XHR is [included in the XHR demo](demos/xhr/), along with examples for fetch and wrapper libraries. This example assumes the server can handle Base64-encoded files (see the demo for a basic nodejs server): ```js /* in this example, send a base64 string to the server */ var wopts = { bookType:'xlsx', bookSST:false, type:'base64' }; var wbout = XLSX.write(workbook,wopts); var req = new XMLHttpRequest(); req.open("POST", "/upload", true); var formdata = new FormData(); formdata.append('file', 'test.xlsx'); // <-- server expects `file` to hold name formdata.append('data', wbout); // <-- `data` holds the base64-encoded data req.send(formdata); ``` `XLSX.writeFile` wraps a few techniques for triggering a file save: - `URL` browser API creates an object URL for the file, which the library uses by creating a link and forcing a click. It is supported in modern browsers. - `msSaveBlob` is an IE10+ API for triggering a file save. - `IE_FileSave` uses VBScript and ActiveX to write a file in IE6+ for Windows XP and Windows 7. The shim must be included in the containing HTML page. There is no standard way to determine if the actual file has been downloaded. ```js /* output format determined by filename */ XLSX.writeFile(workbook, 'out.xlsb'); /* at this point, out.xlsb will have been downloaded */ ``` `XLSX.writeFile` techniques work for most modern browsers as well as older IE. For much older browsers, there are workarounds implemented by wrapper libraries. [`FileSaver.js`](https://github.com/eligrey/FileSaver.js/) implements `saveAs`. Note: `XLSX.writeFile` will automatically call `saveAs` if available. ```js /* bookType can be any supported output type */ var wopts = { bookType:'xlsx', bookSST:false, type:'array' }; var wbout = XLSX.write(workbook,wopts); /* the saveAs call downloads a file on the local machine */ saveAs(new Blob([wbout],{type:"application/octet-stream"}), "test.xlsx"); ``` [`Downloadify`](https://github.com/dcneiner/downloadify) uses a Flash SWF button to generate local files, suitable for environments where ActiveX is unavailable: ```js Downloadify.create(id,{ /* other options are required! read the downloadify docs for more info */ filename: "test.xlsx", data: function() { return XLSX.write(wb, {bookType:"xlsx", type:'base64'}); }, append: false, dataType: 'base64' }); ``` The [`oldie` demo](demos/oldie/) shows an IE-compatible fallback scenario. The [included demos](demos/) cover mobile apps and other special deployments. ### Writing Examples - exporting an HTML table - generates a simple file ### Streaming Write The streaming write functions are available in the `XLSX.stream` object. They take the same arguments as the normal write functions but return a Readable Stream. They are only exposed in NodeJS. - `XLSX.stream.to_csv` is the streaming version of `XLSX.utils.sheet_to_csv`. - `XLSX.stream.to_html` is the streaming version of `XLSX.utils.sheet_to_html`. - `XLSX.stream.to_json` is the streaming version of `XLSX.utils.sheet_to_json`. ```js var output_file_name = "out.csv"; var stream = XLSX.stream.to_csv(worksheet); stream.pipe(fs.createWriteStream(output_file_name)); ``` ```js /* to_json returns an object-mode stream */ var stream = XLSX.stream.to_json(worksheet, {raw:true}); /* the following stream converts JS objects to text via JSON.stringify */ var conv = new Transform({writableObjectMode:true}); conv._transform = function(obj, e, cb){ cb(null, JSON.stringify(obj) + "\n"); }; stream.pipe(conv); conv.pipe(process.stdout); ``` pipes write streams to nodejs response. ## Interface `XLSX` is the exposed variable in the browser and the exported node variable `XLSX.version` is the version of the library (added by the build script). `XLSX.SSF` is an embedded version of the [format library](http://git.io/ssf). ### Parsing functions `XLSX.read(data, read_opts)` attempts to parse `data`. `XLSX.readFile(filename, read_opts)` attempts to read `filename` and parse. Parse options are described in the [Parsing Options](#parsing-options) section. ### Writing functions `XLSX.write(wb, write_opts)` attempts to write the workbook `wb` `XLSX.writeFile(wb, filename, write_opts)` attempts to write `wb` to `filename`. In browser-based environments, it will attempt to force a client-side download. `XLSX.writeFileAsync(filename, wb, o, cb)` attempts to write `wb` to `filename`. If `o` is omitted, the writer will use the third argument as the callback. `XLSX.stream` contains a set of streaming write functions. Write options are described in the [Writing Options](#writing-options) section. ### Utilities Utilities are available in the `XLSX.utils` object and are described in the [Utility Functions](#utility-functions) section: **Importing:** - `aoa_to_sheet` converts an array of arrays of JS data to a worksheet. - `json_to_sheet` converts an array of JS objects to a worksheet. - `table_to_sheet` converts a DOM TABLE element to a worksheet. - `sheet_add_aoa` adds an array of arrays of JS data to an existing worksheet. - `sheet_add_json` adds an array of JS objects to an existing worksheet. **Exporting:** - `sheet_to_json` converts a worksheet object to an array of JSON objects. - `sheet_to_csv` generates delimiter-separated-values output. - `sheet_to_txt` generates UTF16 formatted text. - `sheet_to_html` generates HTML output. - `sheet_to_formulae` generates a list of the formulae (with value fallbacks). **Cell and cell address manipulation:** - `format_cell` generates the text value for a cell (using number formats). - `encode_row / decode_row` converts between 0-indexed rows and 1-indexed rows. - `encode_col / decode_col` converts between 0-indexed columns and column names. - `encode_cell / decode_cell` converts cell addresses. - `encode_range / decode_range` converts cell ranges. ## Common Spreadsheet Format js-xlsx conforms to the Common Spreadsheet Format (CSF): ### General Structures Cell address objects are stored as `{c:C, r:R}` where `C` and `R` are 0-indexed column and row numbers, respectively. For example, the cell address `B5` is represented by the object `{c:1, r:4}`. Cell range objects are stored as `{s:S, e:E}` where `S` is the first cell and `E` is the last cell in the range. The ranges are inclusive. For example, the range `A3:B7` is represented by the object `{s:{c:0, r:2}, e:{c:1, r:6}}`. Utility functions perform a row-major order walk traversal of a sheet range: ```js for(var R = range.s.r; R <= range.e.r; ++R) { for(var C = range.s.c; C <= range.e.c; ++C) { var cell_address = {c:C, r:R}; /* if an A1-style address is needed, encode the address */ var cell_ref = XLSX.utils.encode_cell(cell_address); } } ``` ### Cell Object Cell objects are plain JS objects with keys and values following the convention: | Key | Description | | --- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | | `v` | raw value (see Data Types section for more info) | | `w` | formatted text (if applicable) | | `t` | type: `b` Boolean, `e` Error, `n` Number, `d` Date, `s` Text, `z` Stub | | `f` | cell formula encoded as an A1-style string (if applicable) | | `F` | range of enclosing array if formula is array formula (if applicable) | | `r` | rich text encoding (if applicable) | | `h` | HTML rendering of the rich text (if applicable) | | `c` | comments associated with the cell | | `z` | number format string associated with the cell (if requested) | | `l` | cell hyperlink object (`.Target` holds link, `.Tooltip` is tooltip) | | `s` | the style/theme of the cell (if applicable) | Built-in export utilities (such as the CSV exporter) will use the `w` text if it is available. To change a value, be sure to delete `cell.w` (or set it to `undefined`) before attempting to export. The utilities will regenerate the `w` text from the number format (`cell.z`) and the raw value if possible. The actual array formula is stored in the `f` field of the first cell in the array range. Other cells in the range will omit the `f` field. #### Data Types The raw value is stored in the `v` value property, interpreted based on the `t` type property. This separation allows for representation of numbers as well as numeric text. There are 6 valid cell types: | Type | Description | | :--: | :-------------------------------------------------------------------- | | `b` | Boolean: value interpreted as JS `boolean` | | `e` | Error: value is a numeric code and `w` property stores common name ** | | `n` | Number: value is a JS `number` ** | | `d` | Date: value is a JS `Date` object or string to be parsed as Date ** | | `s` | Text: value interpreted as JS `string` and written as text ** | | `z` | Stub: blank stub cell that is ignored by data processing utilities ** | | Value | Error Meaning | | -----: | :-------------- | | `0x00` | `#NULL!` | | `0x07` | `#DIV/0!` | | `0x0F` | `#VALUE!` | | `0x17` | `#REF!` | | `0x1D` | `#NAME?` | | `0x24` | `#NUM!` | | `0x2A` | `#N/A` | | `0x2B` | `#GETTING_DATA` | Type `n` is the Number type. This includes all forms of data that Excel stores as numbers, such as dates/times and Boolean fields. Excel exclusively uses data that can be fit in an IEEE754 floating point number, just like JS Number, so the `v` field holds the raw number. The `w` field holds formatted text. Dates are stored as numbers by default and converted with `XLSX.SSF.parse_date_code`. Type `d` is the Date type, generated only when the option `cellDates` is passed. Since JSON does not have a natural Date type, parsers are generally expected to store ISO 8601 Date strings like you would get from `date.toISOString()`. On the other hand, writers and exporters should be able to handle date strings and JS Date objects. Note that Excel disregards timezone modifiers and treats all dates in the local timezone. The library does not correct for this error. Type `s` is the String type. Values are explicitly stored as text. Excel will interpret these cells as "number stored as text". Generated Excel files automatically suppress that class of error, but other formats may elicit errors. Type `z` represents blank stub cells. They are generated in cases where cells have no assigned value but hold comments or other metadata. They are ignored by the core library data processing utility functions. By default these cells are not generated; the parser `sheetStubs` option must be set to `true`. #### Dates By default, Excel stores dates as numbers with a format code that specifies date processing. For example, the date `19-Feb-17` is stored as the number `42785` with a number format of `d-mmm-yy`. The `SSF` module understands number formats and performs the appropriate conversion. XLSX also supports a special date type `d` where the data is an ISO 8601 date string. The formatter converts the date back to a number. The default behavior for all parsers is to generate number cells. Setting `cellDates` to true will force the generators to store dates. Excel has no native concept of universal time. All times are specified in the local time zone. Excel limitations prevent specifying true absolute dates. Following Excel, this library treats all dates as relative to local time zone. Excel supports two epochs (January 1 1900 and January 1 1904), see ["1900 vs. 1904 Date System" article](http://support2.microsoft.com/kb/180162). The workbook's epoch can be determined by examining the workbook's `wb.Workbook.WBProps.date1904` property: ```js !!(((wb.Workbook||{}).WBProps||{}).date1904) ``` ### Sheet Objects Each key that does not start with `!` maps to a cell (using `A-1` notation) `sheet[address]` returns the cell object for the specified address. **Special sheet keys (accessible as `sheet[key]`, each starting with `!`):** - `sheet['!ref']`: A-1 based range representing the sheet range. Functions that work with sheets should use this parameter to determine the range. Cells that are assigned outside of the range are not processed. In particular, when writing a sheet by hand, cells outside of the range are not included Functions that handle sheets should test for the presence of `!ref` field. If the `!ref` is omitted or is not a valid range, functions are free to treat the sheet as empty or attempt to guess the range. The standard utilities that ship with this library treat sheets as empty (for example, the CSV output is empty string). When reading a worksheet with the `sheetRows` property set, the ref parameter will use the restricted range. The original range is set at `ws['!fullref']` - `sheet['!margins']`: Object representing the page margins. The default values follow Excel's "normal" preset. Excel also has a "wide" and a "narrow" preset but they are stored as raw measurements. The main properties are listed below: | key | description | "normal" | "wide" | "narrow" | |----------|------------------------|:---------|:-------|:-------- | | `left` | left margin (inches) | `0.7` | `1.0` | `0.25` | | `right` | right margin (inches) | `0.7` | `1.0` | `0.25` | | `top` | top margin (inches) | `0.75` | `1.0` | `0.75` | | `bottom` | bottom margin (inches) | `0.75` | `1.0` | `0.75` | | `header` | header margin (inches) | `0.3` | `0.5` | `0.3` | | `footer` | footer margin (inches) | `0.3` | `0.5` | `0.3` | ```js /* Set worksheet sheet to "normal" */ ws["!margins"]={left:0.7, right:0.7, top:0.75,bottom:0.75,header:0.3,footer:0.3} /* Set worksheet sheet to "wide" */ ws["!margins"]={left:1.0, right:1.0, top:1.0, bottom:1.0, header:0.5,footer:0.5} /* Set worksheet sheet to "narrow" */ ws["!margins"]={left:0.25,right:0.25,top:0.75,bottom:0.75,header:0.3,footer:0.3} ``` #### Worksheet Object In addition to the base sheet keys, worksheets also add: - `ws['!cols']`: array of column properties objects. Column widths are actually stored in files in a normalized manner, measured in terms of the "Maximum Digit Width" (the largest width of the rendered digits 0-9, in pixels). When parsed, the column objects store the pixel width in the `wpx` field, character width in the `wch` field, and the maximum digit width in the `MDW` field. - `ws['!rows']`: array of row properties objects as explained later in the docs. Each row object encodes properties including row height and visibility. - `ws['!merges']`: array of range objects corresponding to the merged cells in the worksheet. Plain text formats do not support merge cells. CSV export will write all cells in the merge range if they exist, so be sure that only the first cell (upper-left) in the range is set. - `ws['!protect']`: object of write sheet protection properties. The `password` key specifies the password for formats that support password-protected sheets (XLSX/XLSB/XLS). The writer uses the XOR obfuscation method. The following keys control the sheet protection -- set to `false` to enable a feature when sheet is locked or set to `true` to disable a feature: | key | feature (true=disabled / false=enabled) | default | |:----------------------|:----------------------------------------|:-----------| | `selectLockedCells` | Select locked cells | enabled | | `selectUnlockedCells` | Select unlocked cells | enabled | | `formatCells` | Format cells | disabled | | `formatColumns` | Format columns | disabled | | `formatRows` | Format rows | disabled | | `insertColumns` | Insert columns | disabled | | `insertRows` | Insert rows | disabled | | `insertHyperlinks` | Insert hyperlinks | disabled | | `deleteColumns` | Delete columns | disabled | | `deleteRows` | Delete rows | disabled | | `sort` | Sort | disabled | | `autoFilter` | Filter | disabled | | `pivotTables` | Use PivotTable reports | disabled | | `objects` | Edit objects | enabled | | `scenarios` | Edit scenarios | enabled | - `ws['!autofilter']`: AutoFilter object following the schema: ```typescript type AutoFilter = { ref:string; // A-1 based range representing the AutoFilter table range } ``` #### Chartsheet Object Chartsheets are represented as standard sheets. They are distinguished with the `!type` property set to `"chart"`. The underlying data and `!ref` refer to the cached data in the chartsheet. The first row of the chartsheet is the underlying header. #### Macrosheet Object Macrosheets are represented as standard sheets. They are distinguished with the `!type` property set to `"macro"`. #### Dialogsheet Object Dialogsheets are represented as standard sheets. They are distinguished with the `!type` property set to `"dialog"`. ### Workbook Object `workbook.SheetNames` is an ordered list of the sheets in the workbook `wb.Sheets[sheetname]` returns an object representing the worksheet. `wb.Props` is an object storing the standard properties. `wb.Custprops` stores custom properties. Since the XLS standard properties deviate from the XLSX standard, XLS parsing stores core properties in both places. `wb.Workbook` stores [workbook-level attributes](#workbook-level-attributes). #### Workbook File Properties The various file formats use different internal names for file properties. The workbook `Props` object normalizes the names: | JS Name | Excel Description | |:--------------|:-------------------------------| | `Title` | Summary tab "Title" | | `Subject` | Summary tab "Subject" | | `Author` | Summary tab "Author" | | `Manager` | Summary tab "Manager" | | `Company` | Summary tab "Company" | | `Category` | Summary tab "Category" | | `Keywords` | Summary tab "Keywords" | | `Comments` | Summary tab "Comments" | | `LastAuthor` | Statistics tab "Last saved by" | | `CreatedDate` | Statistics tab "Created" | For example, to set the workbook title property: ```js if(!wb.Props) wb.Props = {}; wb.Props.Title = "Insert Title Here"; ``` Custom properties are added in the workbook `Custprops` object: ```js if(!wb.Custprops) wb.Custprops = {}; wb.Custprops["Custom Property"] = "Custom Value"; ``` Writers will process the `Props` key of the options object: ```js /* force the Author to be "SheetJS" */ XLSX.write(wb, {Props:{Author:"SheetJS"}}); ``` ### Workbook-Level Attributes `wb.Workbook` stores workbook-level attributes. #### Defined Names `wb.Workbook.Names` is an array of defined name objects which have the keys: | Key | Description | |:----------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------| | `Sheet` | Name scope. Sheet Index (0 = first sheet) or `null` (Workbook) | | `Name` | Case-sensitive name. Standard rules apply ** | | `Ref` | A1-style Reference (`"Sheet1!$A$1:$D$20"`) | | `Comment` | Comment (only applicable for XLS/XLSX/XLSB) | Excel allows two sheet-scoped defined names to share the same name. However, a sheet-scoped name cannot collide with a workbook-scope name. Workbook writers may not enforce this constraint. #### Workbook Views `wb.Workbook.Views` is an array of workbook view objects which have the keys: | Key | Description | |:----------------|:----------------------------------------------------| | `RTL` | If true, display right-to-left | #### Miscellaneous Workbook Properties `wb.Workbook.WBProps` holds other workbook properties: | Key | Description | |:----------------|:----------------------------------------------------| | `CodeName` | [VBA Project Workbook Code Name](#vba-and-macros) | | `date1904` | epoch: 0/false for 1900 system, 1/true for 1904 | | `filterPrivacy` | Warn or strip personally identifying info on save | ### Document Features Even for basic features like date storage, the official Excel formats store the same content in different ways. The parsers are expected to convert from the underlying file format representation to the Common Spreadsheet Format. Writers are expected to convert from CSF back to the underlying file format. #### Formulae The A1-style formula string is stored in the `f` field. Even though different file formats store the formulae in different ways, the formats are translated. Even though some formats store formulae with a leading equal sign, CSF formulae do not start with `=`. ```js { "!ref": "A1:A3", A1: { t:'n', v:1 }, A2: { t:'n', v:2 }, A3: { t:'n', v:3, f:'A1+A2' } } ``` Shared formulae are decompressed and each cell has the formula corresponding to its cell. Writers generally do not attempt to generate shared formulae. Cells with formula entries but no value will be serialized in a way that Excel and other spreadsheet tools will recognize. This library will not automatically compute formula results! For example, to compute `BESSELJ` in a worksheet: ```js { "!ref": "A1:A3", A1: { t:'n', v:3.14159 }, A2: { t:'n', v:2 }, A3: { t:'n', f:'BESSELJ(A1,A2)' } } ``` **Array Formulae** Array formulae are stored in the top-left cell of the array block. All cells of an array formula have a `F` field corresponding to the range. A single-cell formula can be distinguished from a plain formula by the presence of `F` field. For example, setting the cell `C1` to the array formula `{=SUM(A1:A3*B1:B3)}`: ```js worksheet['C1'] = { t:'n', f: "SUM(A1:A3*B1:B3)", F:"C1:C1" }; ``` For a multi-cell array formula, every cell has the same array range but only the first cell specifies the formula. Consider `D1:D3=A1:A3*B1:B3`: ```js worksheet['D1'] = { t:'n', F:"D1:D3", f:"A1:A3*B1:B3" }; worksheet['D2'] = { t:'n', F:"D1:D3" }; worksheet['D3'] = { t:'n', F:"D1:D3" }; ``` Utilities and writers are expected to check for the presence of a `F` field and ignore any possible formula element `f` in cells other than the starting cell. They are not expected to perform validation of the formulae! The `sheet_to_formulae` method generates one line per formula or array formula. Array formulae are rendered in the form `range=formula` while plain cells are rendered in the form `cell=formula or value`. Note that string literals are prefixed with an apostrophe `'`, consistent with Excel's formula bar display. | Storage Representation | Formats | Read | Write | |:-----------------------|:-------------------------|:-----:|:-----:| | A1-style strings | XLSX | :o: | :o: | | RC-style strings | XLML and plain text | :o: | :o: | | BIFF Parsed formulae | XLSB and all XLS formats | :o: | | | OpenFormula formulae | ODS/FODS/UOS | :o: | :o: | Since Excel prohibits named cells from colliding with names of A1 or RC style cell references, a (not-so-simple) regex conversion is possible. BIFF Parsed formulae have to be explicitly unwound. OpenFormula formulae can be converted with regular expressions. #### Column Properties The `!cols` array in each worksheet, if present, is a collection of `ColInfo` objects which have the following properties: ```typescript type ColInfo = { /* visibility */ hidden?: boolean; // if true, the column is hidden /* column width is specified in one of the following ways: */ wpx?: number; // width in screen pixels width?: number; // width in Excel's "Max Digit Width", width*256 is integral wch?: number; // width in characters /* other fields for preserving features from files */ MDW?: number; // Excel's "Max Digit Width" unit, always integral }; ``` There are three different width types corresponding to the three different ways spreadsheets store column widths: SYLK and other plain text formats use raw character count. Contemporaneous tools like Visicalc and Multiplan were character based. Since the characters had the same width, it sufficed to store a count. This tradition was continued into the BIFF formats. SpreadsheetML (2003) tried to align with HTML by standardizing on screen pixel count throughout the file. Column widths, row heights, and other measures use pixels. When the pixel and character counts do not align, Excel rounds values. XLSX internally stores column widths in a nebulous "Max Digit Width" form. The Max Digit Width is the width of the largest digit when rendered (generally the "0" character is the widest). The internal width must be an integer multiple of the the width divided by 256. ECMA-376 describes a formula for converting between pixels and the internal width. This represents a hybrid approach. Read functions attempt to populate all three properties. Write functions will try to cycle specified values to the desired type. In order to avoid potential conflicts, manipulation should delete the other properties first. For example, when changing the pixel width, delete the `wch` and `width` properties. Given the constraints, it is possible to determine the MDW without actually inspecting the font! The parsers guess the pixel width by converting from width to pixels and back, repeating for all possible MDW and selecting the MDW that minimizes the error. XLML actually stores the pixel width, so the guess works in the opposite direction. Even though all of the information is made available, writers are expected to follow the priority order: 1) use `width` field if available 2) use `wpx` pixel width if available 3) use `wch` character count if available #### Row Properties The `!rows` array in each worksheet, if present, is a collection of `RowInfo` objects which have the following properties: ```typescript type RowInfo = { /* visibility */ hidden?: boolean; // if true, the row is hidden /* row height is specified in one of the following ways: */ hpx?: number; // height in screen pixels hpt?: number; // height in points level?: number; // 0-indexed outline / group level }; ``` Note: Excel UI displays the base outline level as `1` and the max level as `8`. The `level` field stores the base outline as `0` and the max level as `7`. Excel internally stores row heights in points. The default resolution is 72 DPI or 96 PPI, so the pixel and point size should agree. For different resolutions they may not agree, so the library separates the concepts. Even though all of the information is made available, writers are expected to follow the priority order: 1) use `hpx` pixel height if available 2) use `hpt` point height if available #### Number Formats The `cell.w` formatted text for each cell is produced from `cell.v` and `cell.z` format. If the format is not specified, the Excel `General` format is used. The format can either be specified as a string or as an index into the format table. Parsers are expected to populate `workbook.SSF` with the number format table. Writers are expected to serialize the table. Custom tools should ensure that the local table has each used format string somewhere in the table. Excel convention mandates that the custom formats start at index 164. The following example creates a custom format from scratch: ```js var wb = { SheetNames: ["Sheet1"], Sheets: { Sheet1: { "!ref":"A1:C1", A1: { t:"n", v:10000 }, // <-- General format B1: { t:"n", v:10000, z: "0%" }, // <-- Builtin format C1: { t:"n", v:10000, z: "\"T\"\ #0.00" } // <-- Custom format } } } ``` The rules are slightly different from how Excel displays custom number formats. In particular, literal characters must be wrapped in double quotes or preceded by a backslash. For more info, see the Excel documentation article `Create or delete a custom number format` or ECMA-376 18.8.31 (Number Formats) The default formats are listed in ECMA-376 18.8.30: | ID | Format | |---:|:---------------------------| | 0 | `General` | | 1 | `0` | | 2 | `0.00` | | 3 | `#,##0` | | 4 | `#,##0.00` | | 9 | `0%` | | 10 | `0.00%` | | 11 | `0.00E+00` | | 12 | `# ?/?` | | 13 | `# ??/??` | | 14 | `m/d/yy` (see below) | | 15 | `d-mmm-yy` | | 16 | `d-mmm` | | 17 | `mmm-yy` | | 18 | `h:mm AM/PM` | | 19 | `h:mm:ss AM/PM` | | 20 | `h:mm` | | 21 | `h:mm:ss` | | 22 | `m/d/yy h:mm` | | 37 | `#,##0 ;(#,##0)` | | 38 | `#,##0 ;[Red](#,##0)` | | 39 | `#,##0.00;(#,##0.00)` | | 40 | `#,##0.00;[Red](#,##0.00)` | | 45 | `mm:ss` | | 46 | `[h]:mm:ss` | | 47 | `mmss.0` | | 48 | `##0.0E+0` | | 49 | `@` | Format 14 (`m/d/yy`) is localized by Excel: even though the file specifies that number format, it will be drawn differently based on system settings. It makes sense when the producer and consumer of files are in the same locale, but that is not always the case over the Internet. To get around this ambiguity, parse functions accept the `dateNF` option to override the interpretation of that specific format string. #### Hyperlinks Hyperlinks are stored in the `l` key of cell objects. The `Target` field of the hyperlink object is the target of the link, including the URI fragment. Tooltips are stored in the `Tooltip` field and are displayed when you move your mouse over the text. For example, the following snippet creates a link from cell `A3` to with the tip `"Find us @ SheetJS.com!"`: ```js ws['A3'].l = { Target:"http://sheetjs.com", Tooltip:"Find us @ SheetJS.com!" }; ``` Note that Excel does not automatically style hyperlinks -- they will generally be displayed as normal text. Links where the target is a cell or range or defined name in the same workbook ("Internal Links") are marked with a leading hash character: ```js ws['A2'].l = { Target:"#E2" }; /* link to cell E2 */ ``` #### Cell Comments Cell comments are objects stored in the `c` array of cell objects. The actual contents of the comment are split into blocks based on the comment author. The `a` field of each comment object is the author of the comment and the `t` field is the plain text representation. For example, the following snippet appends a cell comment into cell `A1`: ```js if(!ws.A1.c) ws.A1.c = []; ws.A1.c.push({a:"SheetJS", t:"I'm a little comment, short and stout!"}); ``` Note: XLSB enforces a 54 character limit on the Author name. Names longer than 54 characters may cause issues with other formats. To mark a comment as normally hidden, set the `hidden` property: ```js if(!ws.A1.c) ws.A1.c = []; ws.A1.c.push({a:"SheetJS", t:"This comment is visible"}); if(!ws.A2.c) ws.A2.c = []; ws.A2.c.hidden = true; ws.A2.c.push({a:"SheetJS", t:"This comment will be hidden"}); ``` #### Sheet Visibility Excel enables hiding sheets in the lower tab bar. The sheet data is stored in the file but the UI does not readily make it available. Standard hidden sheets are revealed in the "Unhide" menu. Excel also has "very hidden" sheets which cannot be revealed in the menu. It is only accessible in the VB Editor! The visibility setting is stored in the `Hidden` property of sheet props array. | Value | Definition | |:-----:|:------------| | 0 | Visible | | 1 | Hidden | | 2 | Very Hidden | With : ```js > wb.Workbook.Sheets.map(function(x) { return [x.name, x.Hidden] }) [ [ 'Visible', 0 ], [ 'Hidden', 1 ], [ 'VeryHidden', 2 ] ] ``` Non-Excel formats do not support the Very Hidden state. The best way to test if a sheet is visible is to check if the `Hidden` property is logical truth: ```js > wb.Workbook.Sheets.map(function(x) { return [x.name, !x.Hidden] }) [ [ 'Visible', true ], [ 'Hidden', false ], [ 'VeryHidden', false ] ] ``` #### VBA and Macros VBA Macros are stored in a special data blob that is exposed in the `vbaraw` property of the workbook object when the `bookVBA` option is `true`. They are supported in `XLSM`, `XLSB`, and `BIFF8 XLS` formats. The supported format writers automatically insert the data blobs if it is present in the workbook and associate with the worksheet names. The workbook code name is stored in `wb.Workbook.WBProps.CodeName`. By default, Excel will write `ThisWorkbook` or a translated phrase like `DieseArbeitsmappe`. Worksheet and Chartsheet code names are in the worksheet properties object at `wb.Workbook.Sheets[i].CodeName`. Macrosheets and Dialogsheets are ignored. The readers and writers preserve the code names, but they have to be manually set when adding a VBA blob to a different workbook. Older versions of Excel also supported a non-VBA "macrosheet" sheet type that stored automation commands. These are exposed in objects with the `!type` property set to `"macro"`. The `vbaraw` field will only be set if macros are present, so testing is simple: ```js function wb_has_macro(wb/*:workbook*/)/*:boolean*/ { if(!!wb.vbaraw) return true; const sheets = wb.SheetNames.map((n) => wb.Sheets[n]); return sheets.some((ws) => !!ws && ws['!type']=='macro'); } ``` ## Parsing Options The exported `read` and `readFile` functions accept an options argument: | Option Name | Default | Description | | :---------- | ------: | :--------------------------------------------------- | |`type` | | Input data encoding (see Input Type below) | |`raw` | false | If true, plain text parsing will not parse values ** | |`codepage` | | If specified, use code page when appropriate ** | |`cellFormula`| true | Save formulae to the .f field | |`cellHTML` | true | Parse rich text and save HTML to the `.h` field | |`cellNF` | false | Save number format string to the `.z` field | |`cellStyles` | false | Save style/theme info to the `.s` field | |`cellText` | true | Generated formatted text to the `.w` field | |`cellDates` | false | Store dates as type `d` (default is `n`) | |`dateNF` | | If specified, use the string for date code 14 ** | |`sheetStubs` | false | Create cell objects of type `z` for stub cells | |`sheetRows` | 0 | If >0, read the first `sheetRows` rows ** | |`bookDeps` | false | If true, parse calculation chains | |`bookFiles` | false | If true, add raw files to book object ** | |`bookProps` | false | If true, only parse enough to get book metadata ** | |`bookSheets` | false | If true, only parse enough to get the sheet names | |`bookVBA` | false | If true, copy VBA blob to `vbaraw` field ** | |`password` | "" | If defined and file is encrypted, use password ** | |`WTF` | false | If true, throw errors on unexpected file features ** | - Even if `cellNF` is false, formatted text will be generated and saved to `.w` - In some cases, sheets may be parsed even if `bookSheets` is false. - Excel aggressively tries to interpret values from CSV and other plain text. This leads to surprising behavior! The `raw` option suppresses value parsing. - `bookSheets` and `bookProps` combine to give both sets of information - `Deps` will be an empty object if `bookDeps` is false - `bookFiles` behavior depends on file type: * `keys` array (paths in the ZIP) for ZIP-based formats * `files` hash (mapping paths to objects representing the files) for ZIP * `cfb` object for formats using CFB containers - `sheetRows-1` rows will be generated when looking at the JSON object output (since the header row is counted as a row when parsing the data) - `bookVBA` merely exposes the raw VBA CFB object. It does not parse the data. XLSM and XLSB store the VBA CFB object in `xl/vbaProject.bin`. BIFF8 XLS mixes the VBA entries alongside the core Workbook entry, so the library generates a new XLSB-compatible blob from the XLS CFB container. - `codepage` is applied to BIFF2 - BIFF5 files without `CodePage` records and to CSV files without BOM in `type:"binary"`. BIFF8 XLS always defaults to 1200. - Currently only XOR encryption is supported. Unsupported error will be thrown for files employing other encryption methods. - WTF is mainly for development. By default, the parser will suppress read errors on single worksheets, allowing you to read from the worksheets that do parse properly. Setting `WTF:1` forces those errors to be thrown. ### Input Type Strings can be interpreted in multiple ways. The `type` parameter for `read` tells the library how to parse the data argument: | `type` | expected input | |------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------| | `"base64"` | string: Base64 encoding of the file | | `"binary"` | string: binary string (byte `n` is `data.charCodeAt(n)`) | | `"string"` | string: JS string (characters interpreted as UTF8) | | `"buffer"` | nodejs Buffer | | `"array"` | array: array of 8-bit unsigned int (byte `n` is `data[n]`) | | `"file"` | string: path of file that will be read (nodejs only) | ### Guessing File Type Excel and other spreadsheet tools read the first few bytes and apply other heuristics to determine a file type. This enables file type punning: renaming files with the `.xls` extension will tell your computer to use Excel to open the file but Excel will know how to handle it. This library applies similar logic: | Byte 0 | Raw File Type | Spreadsheet Types | |:-------|:--------------|:----------------------------------------------------| | `0xD0` | CFB Container | BIFF 5/8 or password-protected XLSX/XLSB or WQ3/QPW | | `0x09` | BIFF Stream | BIFF 2/3/4/5 | | `0x3C` | XML/HTML | SpreadsheetML / Flat ODS / UOS1 / HTML / plain text | | `0x50` | ZIP Archive | XLSB or XLSX/M or ODS or UOS2 or plain text | | `0x49` | Plain Text | SYLK or plain text | | `0x54` | Plain Text | DIF or plain text | | `0xEF` | UTF8 Encoded | SpreadsheetML / Flat ODS / UOS1 / HTML / plain text | | `0xFF` | UTF16 Encoded | SpreadsheetML / Flat ODS / UOS1 / HTML / plain text | | `0x00` | Record Stream | Lotus WK\* or Quattro Pro or plain text | | `0x7B` | Plain text | RTF or plain text | | `0x0A` | Plain text | SpreadsheetML / Flat ODS / UOS1 / HTML / plain text | | `0x0D` | Plain text | SpreadsheetML / Flat ODS / UOS1 / HTML / plain text | | `0x20` | Plain text | SpreadsheetML / Flat ODS / UOS1 / HTML / plain text | DBF files are detected based on the first byte as well as the third and fourth bytes (corresponding to month and day of the file date) Plain text format guessing follows the priority order: | Format | Test | |:-------|:--------------------------------------------------------------------| | XML | `= 0) | Start from the first column at specified row (0-indexed) | | -1 | Append to bottom of worksheet starting on first column | | (default) | Start from cell A1 | Consider the worksheet: ``` XXX| A | B | C | D | E | F | G | ---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ 1 | S | h | e | e | t | J | S | 2 | 1 | 2 | | | 5 | 6 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 3 | | | 6 | 7 | 8 | 4 | 3 | 4 | | | 7 | 8 | 9 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 0 | ``` This worksheet can be built up in the order `A1:G1, A2:B4, E2:G4, A5:G5`: ```js /* Initial row */ var ws = XLSX.utils.aoa_to_sheet([ "SheetJS".split("") ]); /* Write data starting at A2 */ XLSX.utils.sheet_add_aoa(ws, [[1,2], [2,3], [3,4]], {origin: "A2"}); /* Write data starting at E2 */ XLSX.utils.sheet_add_aoa(ws, [[5,6,7], [6,7,8], [7,8,9]], {origin:{r:1, c:4}}); /* Append row */ XLSX.utils.sheet_add_aoa(ws, [[4,5,6,7,8,9,0]], {origin: -1}); ``` ### Array of Objects Input `XLSX.utils.json_to_sheet` takes an array of objects and returns a worksheet with automatically-generated "headers" based on the keys of the objects. The default column order is determined by the first appearance of the field using `Object.keys`, but can be overridden using the options argument: | Option Name | Default | Description | | :---------- | :------: | :-------------------------------------------------- | |`header` | | Use specified column order (default `Object.keys`) | |`dateNF` | FMT 14 | Use specified date format in string output | |`cellDates` | false | Store dates as type `d` (default is `n`) | |`skipHeader` | false | If true, do not include header row in output | The original sheet cannot be reproduced in the obvious way since JS object keys must be unique. After replacing the second `e` and `S` with `e_1` and `S_1`: ```js var ws = XLSX.utils.json_to_sheet([ { S:1, h:2, e:3, e_1:4, t:5, J:6, S_1:7 }, { S:2, h:3, e:4, e_1:5, t:6, J:7, S_1:8 } ], {header:["S","h","e","e_1","t","J","S_1"]}); ``` Alternatively, the header row can be skipped: ```js var ws = XLSX.utils.json_to_sheet([ { A:"S", B:"h", C:"e", D:"e", E:"t", F:"J", G:"S" }, { A: 1, B: 2, C: 3, D: 4, E: 5, F: 6, G: 7 }, { A: 2, B: 3, C: 4, D: 5, E: 6, F: 7, G: 8 } ], {header:["A","B","C","D","E","F","G"], skipHeader:true}); ``` `XLSX.utils.sheet_add_json` takes an array of objects and updates an existing worksheet object. It follows the same process as `json_to_sheet` and accepts an options argument: | Option Name | Default | Description | | :---------- | :------: | :-------------------------------------------------- | |`header` | | Use specified column order (default `Object.keys`) | |`dateNF` | FMT 14 | Use specified date format in string output | |`cellDates` | false | Store dates as type `d` (default is `n`) | |`skipHeader` | false | If true, do not include header row in output | |`origin` | | Use specified cell as starting point (see below) | `origin` is expected to be one of: | `origin` | Description | | :--------------- | :-------------------------------------------------------- | | (cell object) | Use specified cell (cell object) | | (string) | Use specified cell (A1-style cell) | | (number >= 0) | Start from the first column at specified row (0-indexed) | | -1 | Append to bottom of worksheet starting on first column | | (default) | Start from cell A1 | Consider the worksheet: ``` XXX| A | B | C | D | E | F | G | ---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ 1 | S | h | e | e | t | J | S | 2 | 1 | 2 | | | 5 | 6 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 3 | | | 6 | 7 | 8 | 4 | 3 | 4 | | | 7 | 8 | 9 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 0 | ``` This worksheet can be built up in the order `A1:G1, A2:B4, E2:G4, A5:G5`: ```js /* Initial row */ var ws = XLSX.utils.json_to_sheet([ { A: "S", B: "h", C: "e", D: "e", E: "t", F: "J", G: "S" } ], {header: ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E", "F", "G"], skipHeader: true}); /* Write data starting at A2 */ XLSX.utils.sheet_add_json(ws, [ { A: 1, B: 2 }, { A: 2, B: 3 }, { A: 3, B: 4 } ], {skipHeader: true, origin: "A2"}); /* Write data starting at E2 */ XLSX.utils.sheet_add_json(ws, [ { A: 5, B: 6, C: 7 }, { A: 6, B: 7, C: 8 }, { A: 7, B: 8, C: 9 } ], {skipHeader: true, origin: { r: 1, c: 4 }, header: [ "A", "B", "C" ]}); /* Append row */ XLSX.utils.sheet_add_json(ws, [ { A: 4, B: 5, C: 6, D: 7, E: 8, F: 9, G: 0 } ], {header: ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E", "F", "G"], skipHeader: true, origin: -1}); ``` ### HTML Table Input `XLSX.utils.table_to_sheet` takes a table DOM element and returns a worksheet resembling the input table. Numbers are parsed. All other data will be stored as strings. `XLSX.utils.table_to_book` produces a minimal workbook based on the worksheet. Both functions accept options arguments: | Option Name | Default | Description | | :---------- | :------: | :-------------------------------------------------- | |`raw` | | If true, every cell will hold raw strings | |`dateNF` | FMT 14 | Use specified date format in string output | |`cellDates` | false | Store dates as type `d` (default is `n`) | |`sheetRows` | 0 | If >0, read the first `sheetRows` rows of the table | |`display` | false | If true, hidden rows and cells will not be parsed | To generate the example sheet, start with the HTML table: ```html
SheetJS
1234567
2345678
``` To process the table: ```js var tbl = document.getElementById('sheetjs'); var wb = XLSX.utils.table_to_book(tbl); ``` Note: `XLSX.read` can handle HTML represented as strings. ### Formulae Output `XLSX.utils.sheet_to_formulae` generates an array of commands that represent how a person would enter data into an application. Each entry is of the form `A1-cell-address=formula-or-value`. String literals are prefixed with a `'` in accordance with Excel. For the example sheet: ```js > var o = XLSX.utils.sheet_to_formulae(ws); > [o[0], o[5], o[10], o[15], o[20]]; [ 'A1=\'S', 'F1=\'J', 'D2=4', 'B3=3', 'G3=8' ] ``` ### Delimiter-Separated Output As an alternative to the `writeFile` CSV type, `XLSX.utils.sheet_to_csv` also produces CSV output. The function takes an options argument: | Option Name | Default | Description | | :---------- | :------: | :-------------------------------------------------- | |`FS` | `","` | "Field Separator" delimiter between fields | |`RS` | `"\n"` | "Record Separator" delimiter between rows | |`dateNF` | FMT 14 | Use specified date format in string output | |`strip` | false | Remove trailing field separators in each record ** | |`blankrows` | true | Include blank lines in the CSV output | |`skipHidden` | false | Skips hidden rows/columns in the CSV output | - `strip` will remove trailing commas from each line under default `FS/RS` - `blankrows` must be set to `false` to skip blank lines. For the example sheet: ```js > console.log(XLSX.utils.sheet_to_csv(ws)); S,h,e,e,t,J,S 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 2,3,4,5,6,7,8 > console.log(XLSX.utils.sheet_to_csv(ws, {FS:"\t"})); S h e e t J S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 > console.log(XLSX.utils.sheet_to_csv(ws,{FS:":",RS:"|"})); S:h:e:e:t:J:S|1:2:3:4:5:6:7|2:3:4:5:6:7:8| ``` #### UTF-16 Unicode Text The `txt` output type uses the tab character as the field separator. If the `codepage` library is available (included in full distribution but not core), the output will be encoded in `CP1200` and the BOM will be prepended. `XLSX.utils.sheet_to_txt` takes the same arguments as `sheet_to_csv`. ### HTML Output As an alternative to the `writeFile` HTML type, `XLSX.utils.sheet_to_html` also produces HTML output. The function takes an options argument: | Option Name | Default | Description | | :---------- | :------: | :-------------------------------------------------- | |`id` | | Specify the `id` attribute for the `TABLE` element | |`editable` | false | If true, set `contenteditable="true"` for every TD | |`header` | | Override header (default `html body`) | |`footer` | | Override footer (default `/body /html`) | For the example sheet: ```js > console.log(XLSX.utils.sheet_to_html(ws)); // ... ``` ### JSON `XLSX.utils.sheet_to_json` generates different types of JS objects. The function takes an options argument: | Option Name | Default | Description | | :---------- | :------: | :-------------------------------------------------- | |`raw` | `true` | Use raw values (true) or formatted strings (false) | |`range` | from WS | Override Range (see table below) | |`header` | | Control output format (see table below) | |`dateNF` | FMT 14 | Use specified date format in string output | |`defval` | | Use specified value in place of null or undefined | |`blankrows` | ** | Include blank lines in the output ** | - `raw` only affects cells which have a format code (`.z`) field or a formatted text (`.w`) field. - If `header` is specified, the first row is considered a data row; if `header` is not specified, the first row is the header row and not considered data. - When `header` is not specified, the conversion will automatically disambiguate header entries by affixing `_` and a count starting at `1`. For example, if three columns have header `foo` the output fields are `foo`, `foo_1`, `foo_2` - `null` values are returned when `raw` is true but are skipped when false. - If `defval` is not specified, null and undefined values are skipped normally. If specified, all null and undefined points will be filled with `defval` - When `header` is `1`, the default is to generate blank rows. `blankrows` must be set to `false` to skip blank rows. - When `header` is not `1`, the default is to skip blank rows. `blankrows` must be true to generate blank rows `range` is expected to be one of: | `range` | Description | | :--------------- | :-------------------------------------------------------- | | (number) | Use worksheet range but set starting row to the value | | (string) | Use specified range (A1-style bounded range string) | | (default) | Use worksheet range (`ws['!ref']`) | `header` is expected to be one of: | `header` | Description | | :--------------- | :-------------------------------------------------------- | | `1` | Generate an array of arrays ("2D Array") | | `"A"` | Row object keys are literal column labels | | array of strings | Use specified strings as keys in row objects | | (default) | Read and disambiguate first row as keys | If header is not `1`, the row object will contain the non-enumerable property `__rowNum__` that represents the row of the sheet corresponding to the entry. For the example sheet: ```js > XLSX.utils.sheet_to_json(ws); [ { S: 1, h: 2, e: 3, e_1: 4, t: 5, J: 6, S_1: 7 }, { S: 2, h: 3, e: 4, e_1: 5, t: 6, J: 7, S_1: 8 } ] > XLSX.utils.sheet_to_json(ws, {header:"A"}); [ { A: 'S', B: 'h', C: 'e', D: 'e', E: 't', F: 'J', G: 'S' }, { A: '1', B: '2', C: '3', D: '4', E: '5', F: '6', G: '7' }, { A: '2', B: '3', C: '4', D: '5', E: '6', F: '7', G: '8' } ] > XLSX.utils.sheet_to_json(ws, {header:["A","E","I","O","U","6","9"]}); [ { '6': 'J', '9': 'S', A: 'S', E: 'h', I: 'e', O: 'e', U: 't' }, { '6': '6', '9': '7', A: '1', E: '2', I: '3', O: '4', U: '5' }, { '6': '7', '9': '8', A: '2', E: '3', I: '4', O: '5', U: '6' } ] > XLSX.utils.sheet_to_json(ws, {header:1}); [ [ 'S', 'h', 'e', 'e', 't', 'J', 'S' ], [ '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7' ], [ '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8' ] ] ``` Example showing the effect of `raw`: ```js > ws['A2'].w = "3"; // set A2 formatted string value > XLSX.utils.sheet_to_json(ws, {header:1, raw:false}); [ [ 'S', 'h', 'e', 'e', 't', 'J', 'S' ], [ '3', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7' ], // <-- A2 uses the formatted string [ '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8' ] ] > XLSX.utils.sheet_to_json(ws, {header:1}); [ [ 'S', 'h', 'e', 'e', 't', 'J', 'S' ], [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ], // <-- A2 uses the raw value [ 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ] ] ``` ## File Formats Despite the library name `xlsx`, it supports numerous spreadsheet file formats: | Format | Read | Write | |:-------------------------------------------------------------|:-----:|:-----:| | **Excel Worksheet/Workbook Formats** |:-----:|:-----:| | Excel 2007+ XML Formats (XLSX/XLSM) | :o: | :o: | | Excel 2007+ Binary Format (XLSB BIFF12) | :o: | :o: | | Excel 2003-2004 XML Format (XML "SpreadsheetML") | :o: | :o: | | Excel 97-2004 (XLS BIFF8) | :o: | :o: | | Excel 5.0/95 (XLS BIFF5) | :o: | :o: | | Excel 4.0 (XLS/XLW BIFF4) | :o: | | | Excel 3.0 (XLS BIFF3) | :o: | | | Excel 2.0/2.1 (XLS BIFF2) | :o: | :o: | | **Excel Supported Text Formats** |:-----:|:-----:| | Delimiter-Separated Values (CSV/TXT) | :o: | :o: | | Data Interchange Format (DIF) | :o: | :o: | | Symbolic Link (SYLK/SLK) | :o: | :o: | | Lotus Formatted Text (PRN) | :o: | :o: | | UTF-16 Unicode Text (TXT) | :o: | :o: | | **Other Workbook/Worksheet Formats** |:-----:|:-----:| | OpenDocument Spreadsheet (ODS) | :o: | :o: | | Flat XML ODF Spreadsheet (FODS) | :o: | :o: | | Uniform Office Format Spreadsheet (标文通 UOS1/UOS2) | :o: | | | dBASE II/III/IV / Visual FoxPro (DBF) | :o: | :o: | | Lotus 1-2-3 (WKS/WK1/WK2/WK3/WK4/123) | :o: | | | Quattro Pro Spreadsheet (WQ1/WQ2/WB1/WB2/WB3/QPW) | :o: | | | **Other Common Spreadsheet Output Formats** |:-----:|:-----:| | HTML Tables | :o: | :o: | | Rich Text Format tables (RTF) | | :o: | | Ethercalc Record Format (ETH) | :o: | :o: | Features not supported by a given file format will not be written. Formats with range limits will be silently truncated: | Format | Last Cell | Max Cols | Max Rows | |:------------------------------------------|:-----------|---------:|---------:| | Excel 2007+ XML Formats (XLSX/XLSM) | XFD1048576 | 16384 | 1048576 | | Excel 2007+ Binary Format (XLSB BIFF12) | XFD1048576 | 16384 | 1048576 | | Excel 97-2004 (XLS BIFF8) | IV65536 | 256 | 65536 | | Excel 5.0/95 (XLS BIFF5) | IV16384 | 256 | 16384 | | Excel 2.0/2.1 (XLS BIFF2) | IV16384 | 256 | 16384 | Excel 2003 SpreadsheetML range limits are governed by the version of Excel and are not enforced by the writer. ### Excel 2007+ XML (XLSX/XLSM) XLSX and XLSM files are ZIP containers containing a series of XML files in accordance with the Open Packaging Conventions (OPC). The XLSM format, almost identical to XLSX, is used for files containing macros. The format is standardized in ECMA-376 and later in ISO/IEC 29500. Excel does not follow the specification, and there are additional documents discussing how Excel deviates from the specification. ### Excel 2.0-95 (BIFF2/BIFF3/BIFF4/BIFF5) BIFF 2/3 XLS are single-sheet streams of binary records. Excel 4 introduced the concept of a workbook (`XLW` files) but also had single-sheet `XLS` format. The structure is largely similar to the Lotus 1-2-3 file formats. BIFF5/8/12 extended the format in various ways but largely stuck to the same record format. There is no official specification for any of these formats. Excel 95 can write files in these formats, so record lengths and fields were determined by writing in all of the supported formats and comparing files. Excel 2016 can generate BIFF5 files, enabling a full suite of file tests starting from XLSX or BIFF2. ### Excel 97-2004 Binary (BIFF8) BIFF8 exclusively uses the Compound File Binary container format, splitting some content into streams within the file. At its core, it still uses an extended version of the binary record format from older versions of BIFF. The `MS-XLS` specification covers the basics of the file format, and other specifications expand on serialization of features like properties. ### Excel 2003-2004 (SpreadsheetML) Predating XLSX, SpreadsheetML files are simple XML files. There is no official and comprehensive specification, although MS has released documentation on the format. Since Excel 2016 can generate SpreadsheetML files, mapping features is pretty straightforward. ### Excel 2007+ Binary (XLSB, BIFF12) Introduced in parallel with XLSX, the XLSB format combines the BIFF architecture with the content separation and ZIP container of XLSX. For the most part nodes in an XLSX sub-file can be mapped to XLSB records in a corresponding sub-file. The `MS-XLSB` specification covers the basics of the file format, and other specifications expand on serialization of features like properties. ### Delimiter-Separated Values (CSV/TXT) Excel CSV deviates from RFC4180 in a number of important ways. The generated CSV files should generally work in Excel although they may not work in RFC4180 compatible readers. The parser should generally understand Excel CSV. The writer proactively generates cells for formulae if values are unavailable. Excel TXT uses tab as the delimiter and code page 1200. Notes: - Like in Excel, files starting with `0x49 0x44 ("ID")` are treated as Symbolic Link files. Unlike Excel, if the file does not have a valid SYLK header, it will be proactively reinterpreted as CSV. There are some files with semicolon delimiter that align with a valid SYLK file. For the broadest compatibility, all cells with the value of `ID` are automatically wrapped in double-quotes. ### Other Workbook Formats Support for other formats is generally far XLS/XLSB/XLSX support, due in large part to a lack of publicly available documentation. Test files were produced in the respective apps and compared to their XLS exports to determine structure. The main focus is data extraction. #### Lotus 1-2-3 (WKS/WK1/WK2/WK3/WK4/123) The Lotus formats consist of binary records similar to the BIFF structure. Lotus did release a specification decades ago covering the original WK1 format. Other features were deduced by producing files and comparing to Excel support. #### Quattro Pro (WQ1/WQ2/WB1/WB2/WB3/QPW) The Quattro Pro formats use binary records in the same way as BIFF and Lotus. Some of the newer formats (namely WB3 and QPW) use a CFB enclosure just like BIFF8 XLS. #### OpenDocument Spreadsheet (ODS/FODS) ODS is an XML-in-ZIP format akin to XLSX while FODS is an XML format akin to SpreadsheetML. Both are detailed in the OASIS standard, but tools like LO/OO add undocumented extensions. The parsers and writers do not implement the full standard, instead focusing on parts necessary to extract and store raw data. #### Uniform Office Spreadsheet (UOS1/2) UOS is a very similar format, and it comes in 2 varieties corresponding to ODS and FODS respectively. For the most part, the difference between the formats is in the names of tags and attributes. ### Other Single-Worksheet Formats Many older formats supported only one worksheet: #### dBASE and Visual FoxPro (DBF) DBF is really a typed table format: each column can only hold one data type and each record omits type information. The parser generates a header row and inserts records starting at the second row of the worksheet. The writer makes files compatible with Visual FoxPro extensions. Multi-file extensions like external memos and tables are currently unsupported, limited by the general ability to read arbitrary files in the web browser. The reader understands DBF Level 7 extensions like DATETIME. #### Symbolic Link (SYLK) There is no real documentation. All knowledge was gathered by saving files in various versions of Excel to deduce the meaning of fields. Notes: - Plain formulae are stored in the RC form. - Column widths are rounded to integral characters. #### Lotus Formatted Text (PRN) There is no real documentation, and in fact Excel treats PRN as an output-only file format. Nevertheless we can guess the column widths and reverse-engineer the original layout. Excel's 240 character width limitation is not enforced. #### Data Interchange Format (DIF) There is no unified definition. Visicalc DIF differs from Lotus DIF, and both differ from Excel DIF. Where ambiguous, the parser/writer follows the expected behavior from Excel. In particular, Excel extends DIF in incompatible ways: - Since Excel automatically converts numbers-as-strings to numbers, numeric string constants are converted to formulae: `"0.3" -> "=""0.3""` - DIF technically expects numeric cells to hold the raw numeric data, but Excel permits formatted numbers (including dates) - DIF technically has no support for formulae, but Excel will automatically convert plain formulae. Array formulae are not preserved. #### HTML Excel HTML worksheets include special metadata encoded in styles. For example, `mso-number-format` is a localized string containing the number format. Despite the metadata the output is valid HTML, although it does accept bare `&` symbols. The writer adds type metadata to the TD elements via the `t` tag. The parser looks for those tags and overrides the default interpretation. For example, text like `12345` will be parsed as numbers but `12345` will be parsed as text. #### Rich Text Format (RTF) Excel RTF worksheets are stored in clipboard when copying cells or ranges from a worksheet. The supported codes are a subset of the Word RTF support. #### Ethercalc Record Format (ETH) [Ethercalc](https://ethercalc.net/) is an open source web spreadsheet powered by a record format reminiscent of SYLK wrapped in a MIME multi-part message. ## Testing ### Node `make test` will run the node-based tests. By default it runs tests on files in every supported format. To test a specific file type, set `FMTS` to the format you want to test. Feature-specific tests are available with `make test_misc` ```bash $ make test_misc # run core tests $ make test # run full tests $ make test_xls # only use the XLS test files $ make test_xlsx # only use the XLSX test files $ make test_xlsb # only use the XLSB test files $ make test_xml # only use the XML test files $ make test_ods # only use the ODS test files ``` To enable all errors, set the environment variable `WTF=1`: ```bash $ make test # run full tests $ WTF=1 make test # enable all error messages ``` `flow` and `eslint` checks are available: ```bash $ make lint # eslint checks $ make flow # make lint + Flow checking $ make tslint # check TS definitions ``` ### Browser The core in-browser tests are available at `tests/index.html` within this repo. Start a local server and navigate to that directory to run the tests. `make ctestserv` will start a server on port 8000. `make ctest` will generate the browser fixtures. To add more files, edit the `tests/fixtures.lst` file and add the paths. To run the full in-browser tests, clone the repo for [`oss.sheetjs.com`](https://github.com/SheetJS/SheetJS.github.io) and replace the `xlsx.js` file (then open a browser window and go to `stress.html`): ```bash $ cp xlsx.js ../SheetJS.github.io $ cd ../SheetJS.github.io $ simplehttpserver # or "python -mSimpleHTTPServer" or "serve" $ open -a Chromium.app http://localhost:8000/stress.html ``` ### Tested Environments - NodeJS `0.8`, `0.10`, `0.12`, `4.x`, `5.x`, `6.x`, `7.x`, `8.x` - IE 6/7/8/9/10/11 (IE 6-9 require shims) - Chrome 24+ (including Android 4.0+) - Safari 6+ (iOS and Desktop) - Edge 13+, FF 18+, and Opera 12+ Tests utilize the mocha testing framework. Travis-CI and Sauce Labs links: - for XLSX module in nodejs - for XLSX module in nodejs - for XLS\* modules - for XLS\* modules using Sauce Labs The Travis-CI test suite also includes tests for various time zones. To change the timezone locally, set the TZ environment variable: ```bash $ env TZ="Asia/Kolkata" WTF=1 make test_misc ``` ### Test Files Test files are housed in [another repo](https://github.com/SheetJS/test_files). Running `make init` will refresh the `test_files` submodule and get the files. Note that this requires `svn`, `git`, `hg` and other commands that may not be available. If `make init` fails, please download the latest version of the test files snapshot from [the repo](https://github.com/SheetJS/test_files/releases) Latest test files snapshot: (download and unzip to the `test_files` subdirectory) ## Contributing Due to the precarious nature of the Open Specifications Promise, it is very important to ensure code is cleanroom. [Contribution Notes](CONTRIBUTING.md) At a high level, the final script is a concatenation of the individual files in the `bits` folder. Running `make` should reproduce the final output on all platforms. The README is similarly split into bits in the `docbits` folder. Folders: | folder | contents | |:-------------|:--------------------------------------------------------------| | `bits` | raw source files that make up the final script | | `docbits` | raw markdown files that make up `README.md` | | `bin` | server-side bin scripts (`xlsx.njs`) | | `dist` | dist files for web browsers and nonstandard JS environments | | `demos` | demo projects for platforms like ExtendScript and Webpack | | `tests` | browser tests (run `make ctest` to rebuild) | | `types` | typescript definitions and tests | | `misc` | miscellaneous supporting scripts | | `test_files` | test files (pulled from the test files repository) | After cloning the repo, running `make help` will display a list of commands. ### OSX/Linux The `xlsx.js` file is constructed from the files in the `bits` subdirectory. The build script (run `make`) will concatenate the individual bits to produce the script. Before submitting a contribution, ensure that running make will produce the `xlsx.js` file exactly. The simplest way to test is to add the script: ```bash $ git add xlsx.js $ make clean $ make $ git diff xlsx.js ``` To produce the dist files, run `make dist`. The dist files are updated in each version release and *should not be committed between versions*. ### Windows The included `make.cmd` script will build `xlsx.js` from the `bits` directory. Building is as simple as: ```cmd > make ``` To prepare development environment: ```cmd > make init ``` The full list of commands available in Windows are displayed in `make help`: ``` make init -- install deps and global modules make lint -- run eslint linter make test -- run mocha test suite make misc -- run smaller test suite make book -- rebuild README and summary make help -- display this message ``` As explained in [Test Files](#test-files), on Windows the release ZIP file must be downloaded and extracted. If Bash on Windows is available, it is possible to run the OSX/Linux workflow. The following steps prepares the environment: ```bash # Install support programs for the build and test commands sudo apt-get install make git subversion mercurial # Install nodejs and NPM within the WSL wget -qO- https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_8.x | sudo bash sudo apt-get install nodejs # Install dev dependencies sudo npm install -g mocha voc blanket xlsjs ``` ### Tests The `test_misc` target (`make test_misc` on Linux/OSX / `make misc` on Windows) runs the targeted feature tests. It should take 5-10 seconds to perform feature tests without testing against the entire test battery. New features should be accompanied with tests for the relevant file formats and features. For tests involving the read side, an appropriate feature test would involve reading an existing file and checking the resulting workbook object. If a parameter is involved, files should be read with different values to verify that the feature is working as expected. For tests involving a new write feature which can already be parsed, appropriate feature tests would involve writing a workbook with the feature and then opening and verifying that the feature is preserved. For tests involving a new write feature without an existing read ability, please add a feature test to the kitchen sink `tests/write.js`. ## License Please consult the attached LICENSE file for details. All rights not explicitly granted by the Apache 2.0 License are reserved by the Original Author. ## References - `MS-CFB`: Compound File Binary File Format - `MS-CTXLS`: Excel Custom Toolbar Binary File Format - `MS-EXSPXML3`: Excel Calculation Version 2 Web Service XML Schema - `MS-ODATA`: Open Data Protocol (OData) - `MS-ODRAW`: Office Drawing Binary File Format - `MS-ODRAWXML`: Office Drawing Extensions to Office Open XML Structure - `MS-OE376`: Office Implementation Information for ECMA-376 Standards Support - `MS-OFFCRYPTO`: Office Document Cryptography Structure - `MS-OI29500`: Office Implementation Information for ISO/IEC 29500 Standards Support - `MS-OLEDS`: Object Linking and Embedding (OLE) Data Structures - `MS-OLEPS`: Object Linking and Embedding (OLE) Property Set Data Structures - `MS-OODF3`: Office Implementation Information for ODF 1.2 Standards Support - `MS-OSHARED`: Office Common Data Types and Objects Structures - `MS-OVBA`: Office VBA File Format Structure - `MS-XLDM`: Spreadsheet Data Model File Format - `MS-XLS`: Excel Binary File Format (.xls) Structure Specification - `MS-XLSB`: Excel (.xlsb) Binary File Format - `MS-XLSX`: Excel (.xlsx) Extensions to the Office Open XML SpreadsheetML File Format - `XLS`: Microsoft Office Excel 97-2007 Binary File Format Specification - `RTF`: Rich Text Format - ISO/IEC 29500:2012(E) "Information technology — Document description and processing languages — Office Open XML File Formats" - Open Document Format for Office Applications Version 1.2 (29 September 2011) - Worksheet File Format (From Lotus) December 1984