286 lines
8.4 KiB
Markdown
286 lines
8.4 KiB
Markdown
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---
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sidebar_position: 7
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---
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import current from '/version.js';
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import Tabs from '@theme/Tabs';
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import TabItem from '@theme/TabItem';
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import CodeBlock from '@theme/CodeBlock';
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# VBA and Macros
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<details>
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<summary><b>File Format Support</b> (click to show)</summary>
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Note that XLSX does not support macros. The XLSM file format is nearly
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identical to XLSX and supports macros.
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| Formats | Basic | Storage Representation |
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|:--------|:-----:|:-----------------------------------|
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| XLSM | ✔ | `vbaProject.bin` file in container |
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| XLSX | * | Not supported in format (use XLSM) |
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| XLSB | ✔ | `vbaProject.bin` file in container |
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| XLS | ✔ | Intercalated in CFB container |
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Asterisks (*) mark features that are not supported by the file formats. There is
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no way to embed VBA in the XLSX format.
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</details>
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VBA Macros are stored in a special data blob that is exposed in the `vbaraw`
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property of the workbook object when the `bookVBA` option is `true`. They are
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supported in `XLSM`, `XLSB`, and `BIFF8 XLS` formats. The supported format
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writers automatically insert the data blobs if it is present in the workbook and
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associate with the worksheet names.
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:::note
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The `vbaraw` property stores raw bytes. [SheetJS Pro](https://sheetjs.com/pro)
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offers a special component for extracting macro text from the VBA blob, editing
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the VBA project, and exporting new VBA blobs.
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:::
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## Demos
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The export demos focus on [an example](pathname:///vba/SheetJSVBAFormula.xlsm)
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that includes the following user-defined functions:
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```vb
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Function GetFormulaA1(Cell As Range) As String
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GetFormulaA1 = Cell.Formula
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End Function
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Function GetFormulaRC(Cell As Range) As String
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GetFormulaRC = Cell.Formula2R1C1
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End Function
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```
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### Copying Macros
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After downloading the sample file, the demo extracts the VBA blob and creates
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a new workbook including the VBA blob. Click the button to create the file and
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open in a spreadsheet editor that supports VBA:
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<Tabs groupId="platform">
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<TabItem value="browser" label="Web Browser">
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```jsx live
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function SheetJSVBAFormula() { return ( <button onClick={async () => {
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/* Extract VBA Blob from test file */
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const url = "/vba/SheetJSVBAFormula.xlsm";
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const raw_data = await (await fetch(url)).arrayBuffer();
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const blob = XLSX.read(raw_data, {bookVBA: true}).vbaraw;
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/* generate worksheet and workbook */
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const worksheet = XLSX.utils.aoa_to_sheet([
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["Cell", "A1", "RC"],
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[
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{t:"n", f:"LEN(A1)"}, // A2
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{t:"s", f:"GetFormulaA1(A2)"}, // B2
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{t:"s", f:"GetFormulaRC(A2)"} // C2
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]
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]);
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const workbook = XLSX.utils.book_new();
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XLSX.utils.book_append_sheet(workbook, worksheet, "Sheet1");
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/* add VBA blob to new workbook */
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workbook.vbaraw = blob;
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/* create an XLSM file and try to save to SheetJSVBANeu.xlsm */
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XLSX.writeFile(workbook, "SheetJSVBANeu.xlsm", { bookVBA: true });
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}}><b>Click to Generate file!</b></button> ); }
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```
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</TabItem>
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<TabItem value="nodejs" label="NodeJS">
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0) Install the dependencies:
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<CodeBlock language="bash">{`\
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npm init -y
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npm i --save https://cdn.sheetjs.com/xlsx-${current}/xlsx-${current}.tgz`}
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</CodeBlock>
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1) Save the following script to `generate_file.js`:
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```js title="generate_file.js"
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const XLSX = require("xlsx");
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(async() => {
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/* Extract VBA Blob from test file */
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const url = "https://docs.sheetjs.com/vba/SheetJSVBAFormula.xlsm";
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const raw_data = await (await fetch(url)).arrayBuffer();
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const blob = XLSX.read(raw_data, {bookVBA: true}).vbaraw;
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/* generate worksheet and workbook */
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const worksheet = XLSX.utils.aoa_to_sheet([
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["Cell", "A1", "RC"],
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[
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{t:"n", f:"LEN(A1)"}, // A2
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{t:"s", f:"GetFormulaA1(A2)"}, // B2
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{t:"s", f:"GetFormulaRC(A2)"} // C2
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]
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]);
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const workbook = XLSX.utils.book_new();
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XLSX.utils.book_append_sheet(workbook, worksheet, "Sheet1");
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/* add VBA blob to new workbook */
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workbook.vbaraw = blob;
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/* create an XLSM file and try to save to SheetJSVBANeu.xlsm */
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XLSX.writeFile(workbook, "SheetJSVBANeu.xlsm", { bookVBA: true });
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})();
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```
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2) Run the script:
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```bash
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node generate_file.js
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```
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This script will generate `SheetJSVBANeu.xlsm`.
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</TabItem>
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</Tabs>
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### Extracting VBA Blobs
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To obtain the blob, `bookVBA: 1` must be set in the `read` or `readFile` call.
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The following example extracts the embedded VBA blob in a workbook:
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<Tabs groupId="platform">
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<TabItem value="browser" label="Web Browser">
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```jsx live
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function SheetJSExtractVBA(props) {
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const [msg, setMsg] = React.useState("Select a macro-enabled file");
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return ( <>
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<b>{msg}</b><br/>
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<input type="file" onChange={async(e) => {
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/* parse workbook with bookVBA: true */
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const wb = XLSX.read(await e.target.files[0].arrayBuffer(), {bookVBA: true});
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/* get vba blob */
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if(!wb.vbaraw) return setMsg("No VBA found!");
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const blob = wb.vbaraw;
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/* download to vbaProject.bin */
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setMsg("Attempting to download vbaProject.bin");
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const url = URL.createObjectURL(new Blob([blob]));
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const a = document.createElement("a");
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a.download = "vbaProject.bin"; a.href = url;
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document.body.appendChild(a); a.click();
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document.body.removeChild(a);
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}}/>
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</> );
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}
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```
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</TabItem>
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<TabItem value="nodejs" label="NodeJS">
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0) Install the dependencies:
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<CodeBlock language="bash">{`\
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npm init -y
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npm i --save https://cdn.sheetjs.com/xlsx-${current}/xlsx-${current}.tgz`}
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</CodeBlock>
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1) Save the following script to `extract_vba.js`:
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```js title="extract_vba.js"
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const fs = require("fs"), XLSX = require("xlsx");
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const wb = XLSX.readFile(process.argv[2], { bookVBA: true });
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if(!wb.vbaraw) throw new Error("Could not find VBA blob!");
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fs.writeFileSync("vbaProject.bin", wb.vbaraw);
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```
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2) Run the script:
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```bash
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node extract_vba.js SheetJSMacroEnabled.xlsm
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```
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This script will generate `vbaProject.bin`. It can be added to a new workbook.
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</TabItem>
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</Tabs>
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### Exporting Blobs
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To ensure the writers export the VBA blob:
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- The output format must support VBA (`xlsm` or `xlsb` or `xls` or `biff8`)
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- The workbook object must have a valid `vbaraw` field
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- The `write` or `writeFile` call must include the option `bookVBA: true`
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This example uses [`vbaProject.bin`](pathname:///vba/vbaProject.bin) from the
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[sample file](pathname:///vba/vbaProject.bin):
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```jsx live
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function SheetJSVBAPrepared() { return ( <button onClick={async () => {
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/* Download prepared VBA blob */
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const url = "/vba/vbaProject.bin";
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const blob = new Uint8Array(await (await fetch(url)).arrayBuffer());
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/* generate worksheet and workbook */
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const worksheet = XLSX.utils.aoa_to_sheet([
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["Cell", "A1", "RC"],
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[
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{t:"n", f:"LEN(A1)"}, // A2
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{t:"s", f:"GetFormulaA1(A2)"}, // B2
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{t:"s", f:"GetFormulaRC(A2)"} // C2
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]
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]);
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const workbook = XLSX.utils.book_new();
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XLSX.utils.book_append_sheet(workbook, worksheet, "Sheet1");
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/* add VBA blob to new workbook */
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workbook.vbaraw = blob;
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/* create an XLSM file and try to save to SheetJSVBAPreparedNeu.xlsm */
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XLSX.writeFile(workbook, "SheetJSVBAPreparedNeu.xlsm", { bookVBA: true });
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}}><b>Click to Generate file!</b></button> ); }
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```
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## Details
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### Code Names
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Excel will use `ThisWorkbook` (or a translation like `DieseArbeitsmappe`) as the
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default Code Name for the workbook. Each worksheet will be identified using the
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default `Sheet#` naming pattern even if the worksheet names have changed.
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A custom workbook code name will be stored in `wb.Workbook.WBProps.CodeName`.
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For exports, assigning the property will override the default value.
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Worksheet and Chartsheet code names are in the worksheet properties object at
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`wb.Workbook.Sheets[i].CodeName`. Macrosheets and Dialogsheets are ignored.
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The readers and writers preserve the code names, but they have to be manually
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set when adding a VBA blob to a different workbook.
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### Macrosheets
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Older versions of Excel also supported a non-VBA "macrosheet" sheet type that
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stored automation commands. These are exposed in objects with the `!type`
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property set to `"macro"`.
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Under the hood, Excel treats Macrosheets as normal worksheets with special
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interpretation of the function expressions.
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#### Detecting Macros in Workbooks
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The `vbaraw` field will only be set if macros are present. Macrosheets will be
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explicitly flagged. Combining the two checks yields a simple function:
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```js
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function wb_has_macro(wb/*:workbook*/)/*:boolean*/ {
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if(!!wb.vbaraw) return true;
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const sheets = wb.SheetNames.map((n) => wb.Sheets[n]);
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return sheets.some((ws) => !!ws && ws['!type']=='macro');
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}
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```
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