math
This commit is contained in:
parent
7499b12849
commit
90300cd6b7
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@ -11,10 +11,10 @@ Headless automation involves controlling "headless browsers" to access websites
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and submit or download data. It is also possible to automate browsers using
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custom browser extensions.
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The [SheetJS standalone script](/docs/getting-started/installation/standalone) can be added to
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any website by inserting a `SCRIPT` tag. Headless browsers usually provide
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utility functions for running custom snippets in the browser and passing data
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back to the automation script.
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The [SheetJS standalone script](/docs/getting-started/installation/standalone)
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can be added to any website by inserting a `SCRIPT` tag. Headless browsers
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usually provide utility functions for running custom snippets in the browser and
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passing data back to the automation script.
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## Use Case
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@ -128,19 +128,23 @@ const puppeteer = require('puppeteer');
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:::note
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This demo was last tested on 2023 April 29 against Puppeteer 19.11.1.
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This demo was last tested on 2023 September 14 against Puppeteer 21.2.1.
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:::
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1) Install SheetJS and Puppeteer:
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<CodeBlock language="bash">{`\
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npm i --save https://cdn.sheetjs.com/xlsx-${current}/xlsx-${current}.tgz puppeteer@19.11.1`}
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npm i --save https://cdn.sheetjs.com/xlsx-${current}/xlsx-${current}.tgz puppeteer@21.2.1`}
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</CodeBlock>
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2) Save the `SheetJSPuppeteer.js` code snippet to `SheetJSPuppeteer.js`.
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3) Run `node SheetJSPuppeteer.js`.
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3) Run the script:
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```bash
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node SheetJSPuppeteer.js
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```
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When the script finishes, the file `SheetJSPuppeteer.xlsb` will be created.
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This file can be opened with Excel.
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@ -199,7 +203,7 @@ await browser.close();`}
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:::note
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This demo was last tested on 2023 April 29 against deno-puppeteer 16.2.0.
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This demo was last tested on 2023 September 14 against deno-puppeteer 16.2.0.
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:::
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@ -209,9 +213,24 @@ This demo was last tested on 2023 April 29 against deno-puppeteer 16.2.0.
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env PUPPETEER_PRODUCT=chrome deno run -A --unstable https://deno.land/x/puppeteer@16.2.0/install.ts
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```
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:::note pass
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In PowerShell, the environment variable should be set separately:
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```powershell
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[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable('PUPPETEER_PRODUCT', 'chrome')
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deno run -A --unstable https://deno.land/x/puppeteer@16.2.0/install.ts
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```
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:::
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2) Save the `SheetJSPuppeteer.ts` code snippet to `SheetJSPuppeteer.ts`.
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3) Run `deno run -A --unstable SheetJSPuppeteer.ts`.
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3) Run the script:
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```bash
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deno run -A --unstable SheetJSPuppeteer.ts
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```
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When the script finishes, the file `SheetJSPuppeteer.xlsb` will be created.
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This file can be opened with Excel.
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@ -272,7 +291,7 @@ const { webkit } = require('playwright'); // import desired browser
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:::note
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This demo was last tested on 2023 April 29 against Playwright 1.33.0.
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This demo was last tested on 2023 September 14 against Playwright 1.38.0.
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:::
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@ -284,11 +303,40 @@ npm i --save https://cdn.sheetjs.com/xlsx-${current}/xlsx-${current}.tgz playwri
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2) Save the `SheetJSPlaywright.js` code snippet to `SheetJSPlaywright.js`.
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3) Run `node SheetJSPlaywright.js`.
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3) Run the script
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```bash
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node SheetJSPlaywright.js
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```
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When the script finishes, the file `SheetJSPlaywright.xlsb` will be created.
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This file can be opened with Excel.
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:::caution pass
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In the latest Windows 10 test, the commmand failed with a clear error message:
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```
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╔═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
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║ Looks like Playwright Test or Playwright was just installed or updated. ║
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║ Please run the following command to download new browsers: ║
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║ ║
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║ npx playwright install ║
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║ ║
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║ <3 Playwright Team ║
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╚═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝
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```
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As recommended, the command
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```bash
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npx playwright install
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```
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will download and install the browsers.
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:::
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## PhantomJS
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PhantomJS is a headless web browser powered by WebKit.
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@ -351,7 +399,7 @@ strongly recommended to add verbose logging and to lint scripts before use.
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:::note
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This demo was last tested on 2023 August 16 against PhantomJS 2.1.1
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This demo was last tested on 2023 September 14 against PhantomJS 2.1.1
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:::
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@ -359,9 +407,10 @@ This demo was last tested on 2023 August 16 against PhantomJS 2.1.1
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2) Save the `SheetJSPhantom.js` code snippet to `SheetJSPhantom.js`.
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3) Run the command.
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3) Run the `phantomjs` program and pass the script as the first argument.
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In macOS:
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For example, if the macOS Archive Utility unzipped the `2.1.1` release, binaries
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will be placed in `phantomjs-2.1.1-macosx/bin/` and the command will be:
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```bash
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./phantomjs-2.1.1-macosx/bin/phantomjs SheetJSPhantom.js
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@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ sidebar_custom_props:
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import current from '/version.js';
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import CodeBlock from '@theme/CodeBlock';
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Gatsby is a framework for creating websites. It uses React components for page
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templates and GraphQL for loading data.
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[GatsbyJS](https://www.gatsbyjs.com/) is a framework for creating websites. It
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uses React components for page templates and GraphQL for loading data.
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[`gatsby-transformer-excel`](https://www.gatsbyjs.com/plugins/gatsby-transformer-excel/)
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is a transformer that generates GraphQL nodes for each row of each worksheet.
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@ -82,8 +82,8 @@ The following query pulls the `Name` and `Index` fields from each row:
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:::note
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This demo was tested on 2023 April 06 against `create-gatsby@3.8.0`. The
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generated project used `gatsby@5.8.1` and `react@18.2.0`.
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This demo was tested on 2023 September 13 against `create-gatsby@3.12.0`. The
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generated project used `gatsby@5.12.4` and `react@18.2.0`.
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:::
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@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ Save the file and notice that the table has refreshed with the new data:
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### Static site
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11) Stop the development server and run `npm run build`. Once the build is
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finished, the display will confirm that the `/pres` route is static:
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finished, the output will confirm that the `/pres` route is static:
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```
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Pages
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@ -293,9 +293,11 @@ Pages
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╰────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
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```
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The built page will be placed in `public/pres/index.html`. Open the page with a
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text editor and search for "SheetJS" to verify raw HTML was generated:
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The generated page will be placed in `public/pres/index.html`.
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```html
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12) Open `public/pres/index.html` with a text editor and search for "SheetJS".
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There will be a HTML row:
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```html title="public/pres/index.html"
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<tr><td>SheetJS Dev</td><td>47</td></tr>
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```
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@ -36,30 +36,52 @@ Other demos cover APIs for local file access on special platforms:
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JavaScript engines represent binary data in a number of structures.
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### `Uint8Array`
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The `type` option for SheetJS `read` function[^1] controls how the data should
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be interpreted. This parameter distinguishes [binary strings](#binary-strings)
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from [Base64 strings](#base64-strings).
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The `type` option for SheetJS `write` function[^2] controls the output storage.
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### `Uint8Array` and `Buffer`
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A `Uint8Array` is a Typed Array where each value is a 8-bit unsigned integer.
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Server-side platforms including NodeJS typically use `Uint8Array`, or a subclass
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such as `Buffer`, to represent data from files.
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such as `Buffer`[^3], to represent data from files.
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The SheetJS `read` method can read data from `Uint8Array` without any options:
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```js
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const wb = XLSX.read(u8);
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```
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The SheetJS `write` method can generate workbooks stored in
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`Uint8Array` structures with the option `type: "buffer"`:
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```js
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const u8 = XLSX.write(wb, {bookType: "xlsx", type: "buffer"});
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```
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:::note pass
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In NodeJS, the `write` method will generate a `Buffer` instance.
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:::
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The SheetJS `read` method can read data from `Uint8Array` without special
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options. The SheetJS `write` method can generate workbooks stored in
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`Uint8Array` structures with the option `bookType: "buffer"`
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### `ArrayBuffer`
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An `ArrayBuffer` represents an array of bytes. Unlike `Uint8Array`, the bytes
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are not immediately available. Typically the underlying data is pulled using
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the `Uint8Array` constructor:
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An `ArrayBuffer` represents an array of bytes. The `Uint8Array` constructor can
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synchronously create a view without copying the underlying data:
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```js
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/* create a Uint8Array "view" */
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const u8 = new Uint8Array(array_buffer);
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```
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The SheetJS `read` method can read data from `ArrayBuffer` without special
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options, as it performs the aforementioned conversion. The SheetJS `write`
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method can generate workbooks stored in `ArrayBuffer` structures with the
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option `bookType: "array"`
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option `type: "array"`
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### `Blob` and `File`
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@ -81,7 +103,6 @@ async function blob_to_wb(blob) {
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}
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```
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B) For broader browser support, the `FileReader` API can pull `ArrayBuffer` data
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using the `readAsArrayBuffer` method:
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@ -123,23 +144,31 @@ The SheetJS `write` method can generate a `Uint8Array` which can be passed to
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the `Blob` constructor:
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```js
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/* write workbook to Uint8Array */
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const u8 = XLSX.write(wb, { bookType: "xlsx", type: "buffer" });
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/* create array of parts */
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const parts = [ u8 ]; // `Blob` constructor expects this
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/* create Blob */
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const blob = new Blob(parts, { type: "application/vnd.ms-excel" });
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function wb_to_blob(wb, bookType) {
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/* write workbook to Uint8Array */
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const u8 = XLSX.write(wb, { bookType: bookType || "xlsx", type: "buffer" });
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/* create array of parts */
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const parts = [ u8 ]; // `Blob` constructor expects this
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/* create Blob */
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const blob = new Blob(parts, { type: "application/vnd.ms-excel" });
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return blob;
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}
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```
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The `File` constructor accepts an additional `name` argument:
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```js
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/* write workbook to Uint8Array */
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const u8 = XLSX.write(wb, { bookType: "xlsx", type: "buffer" });
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/* create array of parts */
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const parts = [ u8 ]; // `Blob` constructor expects this
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/* create Blob */
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const blob = new File(parts, "SheetJSFileExport.xlsx", { type: "application/vnd.ms-excel" });
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function wb_to_file(wb, filename) {
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/* impute bookType from file extension */
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const ext = filename.slice(filename.lastIndexOf(".") + 1);
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/* write workbook to Uint8Array */
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const u8 = XLSX.write(wb, { bookType: ext, type: "buffer" });
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/* create array of parts */
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const parts = [ u8 ]; // `File` constructor expects this
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/* create File */
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const file = new File(parts, filename, { type: "application/vnd.ms-excel" });
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return file;
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}
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```
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### Binary Strings
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@ -197,6 +226,46 @@ The SheetJS `write` method can generate Base64 strings using `type: "base64"`:
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const b64 = XLSX.write(wb, { bookType: "xlsx", type: "base64" });
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```
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### Arrays of Numbers
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Some platforms represent binary data as arrays of numbers, where each number
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represents one byte in the file.
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The SheetJS `read` method supports arrays of unsigned bytes (where each value
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is between `0` and `255`) with `type: "array"`.
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:::caution Java and Signed Bytes
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[Google Sheets](/docs/demos/extensions/gsheet) follows Java signed data type
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conventions. Byte arrays include values from `-128` to `127`.
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<details><summary><b>How to Fix Signed Arrays</b> (click to show)</summary>
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The unsigned value for a negative byte can be calculated with a bitwise AND
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(`&`) operation against `0xFF`:
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```js
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const unsigned_byte = signed_byte & 0xFF;
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```
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For legacy platforms including [NetSuite](/docs/demos/cloud/netsuite) 2.0, the
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bitwise AND assignment operator (`&=`) can rectify an array in place:
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```js
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/* convert a signed byte array to an unsigned byte array in place */
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for(var i = 0; i < array.length; ++i) array[i] &= 0xFF;
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```
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For modern platforms, the `Uint8Array` constructor understands signed bytes:
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```js
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/* copy data into a new Uint8Array */
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const u8 = new Uint8Array(array);
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```
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</details>
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:::
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## Web Browsers
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@ -684,3 +753,7 @@ Desktop and mobile apps have their own specific APIs covered in separate demos:
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- [Electron and other desktop apps](/docs/demos/desktop)
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- [React Native and other mobile apps](/docs/demos/mobile)
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[^1]: See ["Input Type" in "Reading Files"](/docs/api/parse-options#input-type)
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[^2]: See ["Supported Output Formats" type in "Writing Files"](/docs/api/write-options#supported-output-formats)
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[^3]: See ["Buffers and TypedArrays"](https://nodejs.org/api/buffer.html#buffers-and-typedarrays) in the NodeJS documentation.
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@ -31,16 +31,119 @@ The [SheetJS NodeJS module](/docs/getting-started/installation/nodejs) can be
|
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loaded in NodeJS scripts, including scripts invoked using the `"NodeJS"` mode
|
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of the `ExternalEvaluate`[^1] Mathematica function.
|
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||||
:::caution pass
|
||||
However, the current cross-platform recommendation involves a dedicated command
|
||||
line tool that leverages SheetJS libraries to to perform spreadsheet processing.
|
||||
|
||||
In local testing, there were incompatibilities with recent NodeJS versions.
|
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### External Engines
|
||||
|
||||
**This is a Mathematica bug.**
|
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The following diagram depicts the workbook waltz:
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|
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```mermaid
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flowchart LR
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subgraph `ExternalEvaluate`
|
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file[(workbook\nfile)]
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csvstr(CSV\nString)
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end
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data[(Dataset)]
|
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file --> |NodeJS\nSheetJS Ops| csvstr
|
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csvstr --> |ImportString\nMathematica| data
|
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```
|
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|
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_Mathematica_
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||||
|
||||
NodeJS can be activated from Mathematica using `RegisterExternalEvaluator`[^2].
|
||||
Once activated, JavaScript code can be run using `ExternalEvaluate`[^3]. If the
|
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NodeJS code returns CSV data, `ImportString`[^4] can generate a `Dataset`[^5].
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|
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_SheetJS_
|
||||
|
||||
For a file residing on the filesystem, the SheetJS `readFile` function[^6] can
|
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generate a workbook object. The exact location can be determined by printing
|
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`require("process").cwd()`[^7] in `ExternalEvaluate`:
|
||||
|
||||
```mathematica
|
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In[1]:= ExternalEvaluate["NodeJS", "require('process').cwd()"]
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Out[1]= "C:\Users\Me\Documents"
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```
|
||||
|
||||
After pulling the first worksheet[^8], the SheetJS `sheet_to_csv` function[^9]
|
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generates a CSV string.
|
||||
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_Complete Function_
|
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|
||||
The following function reads a file, parses the first worksheet and returns a
|
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Dataset object assuming one header row.
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|
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```mathematica title="Complete Function"
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(* Import file stored in the Documents folder (e.g. C:\Users\Me\Documents) *)
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SheetJSImportFileEE[filename_]:=Module[{csv}, (
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(* This was required in local testing *)
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RegisterExternalEvaluator["NodeJS","C:\\Program Files\\nodejs\\node.exe"];
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(* Generate CSV from first sheet *)
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csv:=ExternalEvaluate["NodeJS", StringJoin[
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(* module installed in home directory *)
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"var XLSX = require('xlsx');",
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(* read specified filename *)
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"var wb = XLSX.readFile('",filename,"');",
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(* grab first worksheet *)
|
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"var ws = wb.Sheets[wb.SheetNames[0]];",
|
||||
(* convert to CSV *)
|
||||
"XLSX.utils.sheet_to_csv(ws)"
|
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]];
|
||||
|
||||
(* Parse CSV into a dataset *)
|
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ImportString[csv, "Dataset", "HeaderLines"->1];
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)]
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
<details open><summary><b>How to run the example</b> (click to hide)</summary>
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||||
|
||||
:::note
|
||||
|
||||
This example was last tested on 2023 September 13 with Mathematica 13.3.
|
||||
|
||||
:::
|
||||
|
||||
The current recommendation involves a dedicated command-line tool that leverages
|
||||
SheetJS libraries to to perform spreadsheet processing.
|
||||
0) Install NodeJS. When the demo was tested, version `18.14.1` was installed.
|
||||
|
||||
1) Install dependencies in the Home folder (`~` or `$HOME` or `%HOMEPATH%`):
|
||||
|
||||
<CodeBlock language="bash">{`\
|
||||
npm i --save https://cdn.sheetjs.com/xlsx-${current}/xlsx-${current}.tgz zeromq@6.0.0-beta.17`}
|
||||
</CodeBlock>
|
||||
|
||||
2) Open a new Mathematica Notebook and register NodeJS. When the example was
|
||||
tested in Windows, the commands were:
|
||||
|
||||
```mathematica
|
||||
RegisterExternalEvaluator["NodeJS","C:\\Program Files\\nodejs\\node.exe"]
|
||||
FindExternalEvaluators["NodeJS"]
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
The second argument to `RegisterExternalEvaluator` should be the path to the
|
||||
`node` or `node.exe` binary.
|
||||
|
||||
If NodeJS is registered, the value in the "Registered" column will be "True".
|
||||
|
||||
4) To determine the base folder, run `require("process").cwd()` from NodeJS:
|
||||
|
||||
```mathematica
|
||||
ExternalEvaluate["NodeJS", "require('process').cwd()"]
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
5) Download [`pres.numbers`](https://sheetjs.com/pres.numbers) and move the file
|
||||
to the base folder as shown in the previous step.
|
||||
|
||||
6) Copy and evaluate the "Complete Function" in the previous codeblock.
|
||||
|
||||
7) Run the function and confirm the result is a proper Dataset:
|
||||
|
||||
```mathematica
|
||||
SheetJSImportFileEE["pres.numbers"]
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
|
||||
### Command-Line Tools
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,8 +151,8 @@ The ["Command-Line Tools" demo](/docs/demos/desktop/cli) creates `xlsx-cli`, a
|
|||
command-line tool that reads a spreadsheet file and generates CSV rows from the
|
||||
first worksheet.
|
||||
|
||||
`ExternalEvaluate`[^2] can run command-line tools and capture standard output.
|
||||
The following snippet processes `~/Downloads.pres.numbers` and pulls CSV data
|
||||
`ExternalEvaluate`[^10] can run command-line tools and capture standard output.
|
||||
The following snippet processes `~/Downloads/pres.numbers` and pulls CSV data
|
||||
into a variable in Mathematica:
|
||||
|
||||
```mathematica
|
||||
|
|
@ -57,8 +160,8 @@ cmd = "/usr/local/bin/xlsx-cli ~/Downloads/pres.numbers"
|
|||
csvdata = ExternalEvaluate["Shell" -> "StandardOutput", cmd];
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
`ImportString`[^3] can interpret the CSV data as a `Dataset`[^4]. Typically the
|
||||
first row of the CSV output is the header row. The `HeaderLines`[^5] option
|
||||
`ImportString`[^11] can interpret the CSV data as a `Dataset`[^12]. Typically the
|
||||
first row of the CSV output is the header row. The `HeaderLines`[^13] option
|
||||
controls how Mathematica parses the data:
|
||||
|
||||
```mathematica
|
||||
|
|
@ -69,14 +172,12 @@ The following diagram depicts the workbook waltz:
|
|||
|
||||
```mermaid
|
||||
flowchart LR
|
||||
subgraph SheetJS operations
|
||||
subgraph `ExternalEvaluate`
|
||||
file[(workbook\nfile)]
|
||||
csv(CSV)
|
||||
csvstr(CSV\nString)
|
||||
end
|
||||
csvstr(CSV\nString)
|
||||
data[(Dataset)]
|
||||
file --> |`xlsx-cli`\nSheetJS Ops| csv
|
||||
csv --> |ExternalEvaluate\nMathematica| csvstr
|
||||
file --> |`xlsx-cli`\nSheetJS Ops| csvstr
|
||||
csvstr --> |ImportString\nMathematica| data
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -88,7 +189,7 @@ This demo was tested in macOS. The path names will differ in other platforms.
|
|||
|
||||
:::
|
||||
|
||||
1) Create the standalone `xlsx-cli` binary[^6]:
|
||||
1) Create the standalone `xlsx-cli` binary[^14]:
|
||||
|
||||
<CodeBlock language="bash">{`\
|
||||
cd /tmp
|
||||
|
|
@ -115,7 +216,12 @@ SheetJSImportFile[x_] := ImportString[Block[{Print}, ExternalEvaluate[
|
|||
]], "Dataset", "HeaderLines" -> 1]
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
4) Download <https://sheetjs.com/pres.numbers> and save to Downloads folder.
|
||||
4) Download <https://sheetjs.com/pres.numbers> and save to Downloads folder:
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
cd ~/Downloads/
|
||||
curl -LO https://sheetjs.com/pres.numbers
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
5) In the Mathematica notebook, run the new function. If the file was saved to
|
||||
the Downloads folder, the path will be `"~/Downloads/pres.numbers"` in macOS:
|
||||
|
|
@ -128,7 +234,7 @@ The result should be displayed in a concise table.
|
|||
|
||||
### Reading from a URL
|
||||
|
||||
`FetchURL`[^7] downloads a file from a specified URL and returns a path to the
|
||||
`FetchURL`[^15] downloads a file from a specified URL and returns a path to the
|
||||
file. This function will be wrapped in a new function called `SheetJSImportURL`.
|
||||
|
||||
6) In the same notebook, run the following:
|
||||
|
|
@ -148,9 +254,17 @@ data = SheetJSImportURL["https://sheetjs.com/pres.numbers"]
|
|||
```
|
||||
|
||||
[^1]: See [the `ExternalEvaluate` Node.js example](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExternalEvaluate.html#:~:text=Evaluate%20a%20basic%20math%20function%20in%20JavaScript%20using%20Node.js%3A) in the Mathematica documentation.
|
||||
[^2]: See [`ExternalEvaluate`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExternalEvaluate.html) in the Mathematica documentation.
|
||||
[^3]: See [`ImportString`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImportString.html) in the Mathematica documentation.
|
||||
[^4]: A [`Dataset`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Dataset.html) will be created when using the [`"Dataset"` element in `ImportString`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/CSV.html)
|
||||
[^5]: See [`HeaderLines`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HeaderLines.html) in the Mathematica documentation.
|
||||
[^6]: See ["Command-line Tools"](/docs/demos/desktop/cli) for more details.
|
||||
[^7]: Mathematica 11 introduced new methods including [`URLRead`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/URLRead.html).
|
||||
[^2]: See [`RegisterExternalEvaluator`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RegisterExternalEvaluator.html) in the Mathematica documentation.
|
||||
[^3]: See [`ExternalEvaluate`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExternalEvaluate.html) in the Mathematica documentation.
|
||||
[^4]: See [`ImportString`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImportString.html) in the Mathematica documentation.
|
||||
[^5]: A [`Dataset`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Dataset.html) will be created when using the [`"Dataset"` element in `ImportString`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/CSV.html)
|
||||
[^6]: See [`readFile` in "Reading Files"](/docs/api/parse-options)
|
||||
[^7]: See [`process.cwd()`](https://nodejs.org/api/process.html#processcwd) in the NodeJS documentation.
|
||||
[^8]: The `Sheets` and `SheetNames` properties of workbook objects are described in ["Workbook Object"](/docs/csf/book)
|
||||
[^9]: See [`sheet_to_csv` in "CSV and Text"](/docs/api/utilities/csv#delimiter-separated-output)
|
||||
[^10]: See [`ExternalEvaluate`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExternalEvaluate.html) in the Mathematica documentation.
|
||||
[^11]: See [`ImportString`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImportString.html) in the Mathematica documentation.
|
||||
[^12]: A [`Dataset`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Dataset.html) will be created when using the [`"Dataset"` element in `ImportString`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/CSV.html)
|
||||
[^13]: See [`HeaderLines`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HeaderLines.html) in the Mathematica documentation.
|
||||
[^14]: See ["Command-line Tools"](/docs/demos/desktop/cli) for more details.
|
||||
[^15]: Mathematica 11 introduced new methods including [`URLRead`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/URLRead.html).
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,269 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: Modern Spreadsheets in MATLAB
|
||||
sidebar_label: MATLAB
|
||||
description: Build complex data pipelines in MATLAB M-Files. Seamlessly create MATLAB tables with SheetJS. Leverage the MATLAB toolbox ecosystem to analyze data from Excel workbooks.
|
||||
pagination_prev: demos/cloud/index
|
||||
pagination_next: demos/bigdata/index
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
import current from '/version.js';
|
||||
import CodeBlock from '@theme/CodeBlock';
|
||||
|
||||
[MATLAB](https://www.mathworks.com/products/matlab.html) is a numeric computing
|
||||
platform. It has a native `table` type with limited support for spreadsheets.
|
||||
|
||||
[SheetJS](https://sheetjs.com) is a JavaScript library for reading and writing
|
||||
data from spreadsheets.
|
||||
|
||||
This demo uses SheetJS to pull data from a spreadsheet for further analysis
|
||||
within MATLAB. We'll explore how to run an external tool to convert complex
|
||||
spreadsheets into simple XLSX files for MATLAB.
|
||||
|
||||
:::note
|
||||
|
||||
This demo was last tested in 2023 September 12 in MATLAB R2023a.
|
||||
|
||||
:::
|
||||
|
||||
:::info pass
|
||||
|
||||
MATLAB has limited support for processing spreadsheets through `readtable`[^1]
|
||||
and `writetable`[^2]. At the time of writing, it lacked support for XLSB,
|
||||
NUMBERS, and other common spreadsheet formats.
|
||||
|
||||
SheetJS libraries help fill the gap by normalizing spreadsheets to a form that
|
||||
MATLAB can understand.
|
||||
|
||||
:::
|
||||
|
||||
## Integration Details
|
||||
|
||||
:::note pass
|
||||
|
||||
MATLAB does not currently provide a way to parse a CSV string or a character
|
||||
array representing file data. `readtable`, `writetable`, `csvread`, and
|
||||
`csvwrite` work with the file system directly. `strread` and `textscan` are
|
||||
designed specifically for reading numbers.
|
||||
|
||||
:::
|
||||
|
||||
The current recommendation involves a dedicated command-line tool that leverages
|
||||
SheetJS libraries to to perform spreadsheet processing.
|
||||
|
||||
The [SheetJS NodeJS module](/docs/getting-started/installation/nodejs) can be
|
||||
loaded in NodeJS scripts and bundled in standalone command-line tools.
|
||||
|
||||
### Command-Line Tools
|
||||
|
||||
The ["Command-Line Tools" demo](/docs/demos/desktop/cli) creates `xlsx-cli`, a
|
||||
command-line tool that reads a spreadsheet file and generates output. The
|
||||
examples in the "NodeJS" section are able to generate XLSX spreadsheets using
|
||||
the `--xlsx` command line flag:
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ xlsx-cli --xlsx ./pres.numbers ## generates pres.numbers.xlsx
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
:::note pass
|
||||
|
||||
The command-line tool supports a number of formats including XLSB (`--xlsb`).
|
||||
|
||||
:::
|
||||
|
||||
The tools pair the SheetJS `readFile`[^3] and `writeFile`[^4] methods to read
|
||||
data from arbitrary spreadsheet files and convert to XLSX:
|
||||
|
||||
```js
|
||||
const XLSX = require("xlsx"); // load the SheetJS library
|
||||
const wb = XLSX.readFile("input.xlsb"); // read input.xlsb
|
||||
XLSX.writeFile(wb, "output.xlsx"); // export to output.xlsx
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### MATLAB commands
|
||||
|
||||
The MATLAB `system` command[^5] can run command-line tools in M-files. For
|
||||
example, if the `xlsx-cli` tool is placed in the workspace folder and the
|
||||
test file `pres.numbers` is in the Downloads folder, the following command
|
||||
generates the XLSX file `pres.numbers.xlsx` :
|
||||
|
||||
```matlab
|
||||
% generate ~/Downloads/pres.numbers.xlsx from ~/Downloads/pres.numbers
|
||||
system("./xlsx-cli --xlsx ~/Downloads/pres.numbers");
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
:::note pass
|
||||
|
||||
In an interactive session, the exclamation point operator `!`[^6] can be used:
|
||||
|
||||
```matlab
|
||||
% generate ~/Downloads/pres.numbers.xlsx from ~/Downloads/pres.numbers
|
||||
!./xlsx-cli --xlsx ~/Downloads/pres.numbers
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
:::
|
||||
|
||||
### Reading Files
|
||||
|
||||
Starting from an arbitrary spreadsheet, `xlsx-cli` can generate a XLSX workbook.
|
||||
Once the workbook is written, the XLSX file can be parsed with `readtable`:
|
||||
|
||||
```matlab
|
||||
% `filename` points to the file to be parsed
|
||||
filename = "~/Downloads/pres.numbers";
|
||||
% generate filename+".xlsx"
|
||||
system("./xlsx-cli --xlsx " + filename)
|
||||
% read using `readtable`
|
||||
tbl = readtable(filename + ".xlsx");
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
The following diagram depicts the workbook waltz:
|
||||
|
||||
```mermaid
|
||||
flowchart LR
|
||||
subgraph MATLAB `system` invocation
|
||||
file[(workbook\nunknown type)]
|
||||
xlsx(XLSX\nNormalized Data)
|
||||
end
|
||||
data[(table)]
|
||||
file --> |`xlsx-cli`\nSheetJS| xlsx
|
||||
xlsx --> |`readtable`\nMATLAB| data
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Write Files
|
||||
|
||||
Starting from an MATLAB table, `writetable` can generate a XLSX workbook. Once
|
||||
the workbook is written, `xlsx-cli` can translate to NUMBERS or other formats:
|
||||
|
||||
```matlab
|
||||
% tbl is the table
|
||||
tbl = table({"Sheet";"JS"}, [72;62], 'VariableNames', ["Name", "Index"])
|
||||
% `filename` points to the file to be written
|
||||
filename = "~/Downloads/sorted.xlsx";
|
||||
% write using `writetable`
|
||||
writetable(tbl, filename);
|
||||
% generate filename+".xlsb"
|
||||
system("./xlsx-cli --xlsb " + filename);
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
The following diagram depicts the workbook waltz:
|
||||
|
||||
```mermaid
|
||||
flowchart LR
|
||||
subgraph MATLAB `system` invocation
|
||||
file[(XLSB\nworkbook)]
|
||||
xlsx(XLSX\nNormalized Data)
|
||||
end
|
||||
data[(table)]
|
||||
data --> |`writetable`\nMATLAB| xlsx
|
||||
xlsx --> |`xlsx-cli`\nSheetJS| file
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Complete Demo
|
||||
|
||||
:::info pass
|
||||
|
||||
This demo was tested in macOS. The path names will differ in other platforms.
|
||||
|
||||
:::
|
||||
|
||||
This demo uses the [`pres.numbers` test file](https://sheetjs.com/pres.numbers).
|
||||
There are 3 parts to the demo:
|
||||
|
||||
A) "Import": SheetJS tooling will read the test file and generate a clean XLSX
|
||||
file. MATLAB will read the file using `readtable`.
|
||||
|
||||
B) "Process": Using `sortrows`, MATLAB will reverse the table order.
|
||||
|
||||
C) "Export": The modified table will be exported to XLSX using `writetable`.
|
||||
SheetJS tooling will convert the file to XLSB.
|
||||
|
||||
```mermaid
|
||||
flowchart LR
|
||||
ifile[(NUMBERS)]
|
||||
ixlsx(XLSX)
|
||||
ofile[(XLSB)]
|
||||
oxlsx(XLSX)
|
||||
data[(table)]
|
||||
ifile --> |`xlsx-cli`\nSheetJS| ixlsx
|
||||
ixlsx --> |`readtable`\nMATLAB| data
|
||||
data -.-> |Data Processing| data
|
||||
data --> |`writetable`\nMATLAB| oxlsx
|
||||
oxlsx --> |`xlsx-cli`\nSheetJS| ofile
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
1) Create the standalone `xlsx-cli` binary[^7]:
|
||||
|
||||
<CodeBlock language="bash">{`\
|
||||
cd /tmp
|
||||
npm i --save https://cdn.sheetjs.com/xlsx-${current}/xlsx-${current}.tgz exit-on-epipe commander@2
|
||||
curl -LO https://docs.sheetjs.com/cli/xlsx-cli.js
|
||||
npx nexe -t 14.15.3 xlsx-cli.js`}
|
||||
</CodeBlock>
|
||||
|
||||
2) Move the generated `xlsx-cli` to the MATLAB workspace folder. On macOS, this
|
||||
folder is typically `~/Documents/MATLAB/`:
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
mkdir -p ~/Documents/MATLAB/
|
||||
mv xlsx-cli ~/Documents/MATLAB/
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
3) Download <https://sheetjs.com/pres.numbers> and save to Downloads folder:
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
cd ~/Downloads/
|
||||
curl -LO https://sheetjs.com/pres.numbers
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
4) Save the following to `SheetJSMATLAB.m` in the workspace folder:
|
||||
|
||||
```matlab title="SheetJSMATLAB.m"
|
||||
% Import data from NUMBERS file
|
||||
system("./xlsx-cli --xlsx ~/Downloads/pres.numbers");
|
||||
tbl = readtable("~/Downloads/pres.numbers.xlsx");
|
||||
% Process data (reverse sort)
|
||||
sorted = sortrows(tbl,"Index", "descend");
|
||||
% Export data to XLSB workbook
|
||||
writetable(sorted,"~/Downloads/sorted.xlsx");
|
||||
system("./xlsx-cli --xlsb ~/Downloads/sorted.xlsx");
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
5) In a MATLAB desktop session, run the `SheetJSMATLAB` command:
|
||||
|
||||
```matlab
|
||||
>> SheetJSMATLAB
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
It will create the file `sorted.xlsx.xlsb` in the `~/Downloads` folder. Open the
|
||||
file and confirm that the table is sorted by Index in descending order:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
Name Index
|
||||
Joseph Biden 46
|
||||
Donald Trump 45
|
||||
Barack Obama 44
|
||||
GeorgeW Bush 43
|
||||
Bill Clinton 42
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
:::tip pass
|
||||
|
||||
If the `matlab` command is available on the system `PATH`, the "headless"
|
||||
version of the command is:
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
cd ~/Documents/MATLAB
|
||||
matlab -batch SheetJSMATLAB
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
:::
|
||||
|
||||
[^1]: See [`readtable`](https://www.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/readtable.html) in the MATLAB documentation.
|
||||
[^2]: See [`writetable`](https://www.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/writetable.html) in the MATLAB documentation.
|
||||
[^3]: See [`readFile` in "Reading Files"](/docs/api/parse-options)
|
||||
[^4]: See [`writeFile` in "Writing Files"](/docs/api/write-options)
|
||||
[^5]: See [`system`](https://www.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/system.html) in the MATLAB documentation.
|
||||
[^6]: See ["MATLAB Operators and Special Characters](https://www.mathworks.com/help/matlab/matlab_prog/matlab-operators-and-special-characters.html) in the MATLAB documentation.
|
||||
[^7]: See ["Command-line Tools"](/docs/demos/desktop/cli) for more details.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -57,13 +57,45 @@ The letter R (R) marks features parsed but not written in the format.
|
|||
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
|
||||
This example generates a worksheet with common number formats. `sheet_to_html`
|
||||
uses the number formats in generating the HTML table. The "Export" button
|
||||
generates workbooks with number formatting.
|
||||
Typically spreadsheets will include formatted text such as currencies (`$3.50`)
|
||||
or large numbers with thousands separators (`7,262`) or percentages (`2.19%`).
|
||||
|
||||
To simplify editing, the applications will store the underlying values and the
|
||||
number formats separately. For example, `$3.50` will be represented as the value
|
||||
`3.5` with a number format that mandates a `$` sigil and 2 decimal places.
|
||||
|
||||
Number format metadata can be attached to each cell object in the `z` property:
|
||||
|
||||
```js
|
||||
/* set the format of cell B2 to "0.00%" */
|
||||
worksheet["B2"].z = "0.00%";
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
When requested, the cell formatted text will be stored in the `w` property.
|
||||
|
||||
## Live Demo
|
||||
|
||||
This example generates a worksheet with common number formats.
|
||||
The number formats are explicitly assigned:
|
||||
|
||||
```js
|
||||
/* assign number formats */
|
||||
ws["B2"].z = '"$"#,##0.00_);\\("$"#,##0.00\\)'; // Currency format
|
||||
ws["B3"].z = '#,##0'; // Number with thousands separator
|
||||
ws["B4"].z = "0.00%"; // Percentage with up to 2 decimal places
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
`sheet_to_html` uses the number formats and values to compute the formatted text
|
||||
when generating the HTML table.
|
||||
|
||||
The "Export" button will write a workbook with number formats. The file can be
|
||||
opened in Excel or another spreadsheet editor. The values in column B will be
|
||||
proper numbers with the assigned number formats.
|
||||
|
||||
```jsx live
|
||||
function SheetJSSimpleNF(props) {
|
||||
const [ws, setWS] = React.useState();
|
||||
const [__html, setHTML] = React.useState("");
|
||||
const fmt = React.useRef(null);
|
||||
|
||||
/* when the page is loaded, create worksheet and show table */
|
||||
|
|
@ -81,7 +113,10 @@ function SheetJSSimpleNF(props) {
|
|||
ws["B3"].z = '#,##0';
|
||||
ws["B4"].z = "0.00%";
|
||||
|
||||
/* save worksheet object for the export */
|
||||
setWS(ws);
|
||||
/* generate the HTML table */
|
||||
setHTML(XLSX.utils.sheet_to_html(ws));
|
||||
}, []);
|
||||
|
||||
const xport = (fmt) => {
|
||||
|
|
@ -93,46 +128,14 @@ function SheetJSSimpleNF(props) {
|
|||
|
||||
const fmts = ["xlsx", "xls", "csv", "xlsb", "html", "ods"];
|
||||
return ( <>
|
||||
<select ref={fmt}>{fmts.map(fmt => (<option value={fmt}>{fmt}</option>))}</select>
|
||||
<button onClick={()=>xport(fmt.current.value)}><b>Export!</b></button>
|
||||
<div dangerouslySetInnerHTML={{__html: ws && XLSX.utils.sheet_to_html(ws) || "" }}/>
|
||||
<b>File format: </b>
|
||||
<select ref={fmt}>{fmts.map(f=>(<option value={f}>{f}</option>))}</select>
|
||||
<br/><button onClick={()=>xport(fmt.current.value)}><b>Export!</b></button>
|
||||
<div dangerouslySetInnerHTML={{__html}}/>
|
||||
</> );
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Values and Formatting
|
||||
|
||||
Typically spreadsheets will include formatted text such as currencies (`$3.50`)
|
||||
or large numbers with thousands separators (`7,262`) or percentages (`2.19%`).
|
||||
|
||||
To simplify editing, the applications will store the underlying values and the
|
||||
number formats separately. For example, `$3.50` will be represented as the value
|
||||
`3.5` with a number format that mandates a `$` sigil and 2 decimal places.
|
||||
|
||||
CSV and other formats only support the formatted text. Applications reading CSV
|
||||
files are expected to interpret the values as numbers or dates.
|
||||
|
||||
### Dates and Times
|
||||
|
||||
Many spreadsheet formats store dates and times using a number that represents
|
||||
the number of seconds or days after some epoch. Dates are covered in more detail
|
||||
[in the dedicated section](/docs/csf/features/dates).
|
||||
|
||||
### Percentages
|
||||
|
||||
Percentage formats automatically scale values by 100. Multiple percent symbols
|
||||
repeat the effect. For example, a cell with value `2.19%` is typically stored as
|
||||
a numeric cell with value `0.0219` and number format `0.00%`
|
||||
|
||||
The following table uses the `en-US` locale (`.` as the decimal point symbol):
|
||||
|
||||
| Number | Format | `en-US` Text |
|
||||
|:---------|---------:|-------------:|
|
||||
| `0.0219` | `0.00%` | `2.19%` |
|
||||
| `2.19` | `0.00%` | `219%` |
|
||||
| `0.0219` | `0.00%%` | `219%%` |
|
||||
| `2.19` | `0.00%%` | `21900%%` |
|
||||
|
||||
## SheetJS Representation
|
||||
|
||||
Number formats and values are attached to cells. The following keys are used:
|
||||
|
|
@ -152,8 +155,7 @@ instructs `XLSX.read` or `XLSX.readFile` to save the formats.
|
|||
### Number Format Strings
|
||||
|
||||
The `z` format string follows the Excel persistence rules as described in
|
||||
ECMA-376 18.8.31 (Number Formats). For more info, see the Excel documentation
|
||||
article `Create or delete a custom number format`
|
||||
ECMA-376 18.8.31 (Number Formats)[^1]
|
||||
|
||||
The rules are slightly different from how Excel displays custom number formats.
|
||||
In particular, literal characters must be wrapped in double quotes or preceded
|
||||
|
|
@ -195,6 +197,94 @@ function SheetJSExtractNF(props) {
|
|||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Values and Formatting
|
||||
|
||||
### Dates and Times
|
||||
|
||||
In XLS and other file formats that extended the Lotus 1-2-3 worksheet file
|
||||
format, dates and times are stored as numeric codes. The application uses the
|
||||
number format to determine whether the value should be interpreted as a date.
|
||||
|
||||
:::note pass
|
||||
|
||||
Interpretation of date codes is covered in ["Dates and Times"](/docs/csf/features/dates).
|
||||
|
||||
:::
|
||||
|
||||
The following repeatable tokens force a date interpretation:
|
||||
|
||||
| Tokens | Description |
|
||||
|:-----------------|:-------------------------------------------------------|
|
||||
| `Y` | Year |
|
||||
| `M` | Month or Minute (contextual) |
|
||||
| `D` | Day |
|
||||
| `H` | Hours (0-23 normally, but 1-12 if meridiem is present) |
|
||||
| `S` | Seconds |
|
||||
| `A/P` or `AM/PM` | Meridiem |
|
||||
| `[h]` or `[hh]` | Absolute hours (duration) |
|
||||
| `[m]` or `[mm]` | Absolute minutes (duration) |
|
||||
| `[s]` or `[ss]` | Absolute seconds (duration) |
|
||||
| `B1` or `B2` | Use Gregorian Calendar (`B1`) or Hijri Calendar (`B2`) |
|
||||
| `E` | "Era Year" or standard year depending on locale |
|
||||
| `G` | "Era" modifier or empty string depending on locale |
|
||||
|
||||
If a format is detected to be a date, the decimal tokens `.0`, `.00` and `.000`
|
||||
represent the sub-second portion of the time.
|
||||
|
||||
### Percentages
|
||||
|
||||
Percentage formats automatically scale values by 100. Multiple percent symbols
|
||||
repeat the effect. For example, a cell with value `2.19%` is typically stored as
|
||||
a numeric cell with value `0.0219` and number format `0.00%`
|
||||
|
||||
The following table uses the `en-US` locale (`.` as the decimal point symbol).
|
||||
Formatted text is rendered using the embedded SheetJS `SSF` formatting library.
|
||||
|
||||
```jsx live
|
||||
function SheetJSPCT() {
|
||||
const data = [
|
||||
{ n: 0.0219, z: "0.00%"},
|
||||
{ n: 2.19, z: "0.00%"},
|
||||
{ n: 0.0219, z: "0.00%%"},
|
||||
{ n: 2.19, z: "0.00%%"},
|
||||
];
|
||||
return ( <table><tr><th>Number</th><th>Format</th><th>Text</th></tr>
|
||||
{data.map(r => (<tr>
|
||||
<td><code>{r.n}</code></td>
|
||||
<td><code>{r.z}</code></td>
|
||||
<td><code>{XLSX.SSF.format(r.z, r.n)}</code></td>
|
||||
</tr>))}
|
||||
</table> );
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Fractions
|
||||
|
||||
Some applications support displaying numbers in fractional form.
|
||||
|
||||
Fractions with a fixed denominator are calculated by scaling and rounding the
|
||||
fractional part of the number.
|
||||
|
||||
Fractions with a variable denominator are typically specified by the number of
|
||||
digits in the denominator (for example, "Up to one digit").
|
||||
|
||||
:::info pass
|
||||
|
||||
The optimal solution from a mathematical perspective is the "Mediant" method.
|
||||
This algorithm can be very slow in the worst case, so spreadsheet applications
|
||||
tend to use a continued fraction approach.
|
||||
|
||||
The common algorithm produces unexpected results for "Up to one digit":
|
||||
|
||||
| Value | Mediant | Excel 2019 |
|
||||
|:------|--------:|-----------:|
|
||||
| `0.3` | `2/7` | `2/7` |
|
||||
| `1.3` | `1 2/7` | `1 1/3` |
|
||||
| `2.3` | `2 2/7` | `2 2/7` |
|
||||
| `3.3` | `3 2/7` | `3 2/7` |
|
||||
|
||||
:::
|
||||
|
||||
## Miscellany
|
||||
|
||||
The default formats are listed in ECMA-376 18.8.30:
|
||||
|
|
@ -270,4 +360,6 @@ desired format and testing with [the Number Format Strings demo](#number-format-
|
|||
|
||||
### HTML Override
|
||||
|
||||
[**This feature is discussed in the HTML utilities section**](/docs/api/utilities/html#value-override)
|
||||
[**This feature is discussed in the HTML utilities section**](/docs/api/utilities/html#value-override)
|
||||
|
||||
[^1]: On 2023 September 14, [the "Review guidelines for customizing a number format" page](https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/office/review-guidelines-for-customizing-a-number-format-c0a1d1fa-d3f4-4018-96b7-9c9354dd99f5) in the Excel documentation covered custom number format minutiae.
|
||||
|
|
@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ const config = {
|
|||
prism: {
|
||||
theme: lightCodeTheme,
|
||||
darkTheme: darkCodeTheme,
|
||||
additionalLanguages: [ "visual-basic", "swift", "java", "csharp", "perl", "ruby", "cpp", "applescript", "liquid", "rust", "dart", "wolfram" ],
|
||||
additionalLanguages: [ "visual-basic", "swift", "java", "csharp", "perl", "ruby", "cpp", "applescript", "liquid", "rust", "dart", "wolfram", "matlab" ],
|
||||
},
|
||||
liveCodeBlock: {
|
||||
playgroundPosition: 'top'
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue