docs.sheetjs.com/docz/docs/03-demos/06-content.md

title
Content and Site Generation

With the advent of server-side frameworks and content management systems, it is possible to build sites whose source of truth is a spreadsheet! This demo explores a number of approaches.

Lume

Lume is a static site generator for the Deno platform.

The official Sheets plugin uses SheetJS to load data from spreadsheets.

Lume Demo

:::note

This was tested against lume v1.12.0 on 2022 October 4.

:::

Complete Example (click to show)

1. Create a stock site:

mkdir sheetjs-lume
cd sheetjs-lume
deno run -A https://deno.land/x/lume/init.ts

When prompted, enter the following options:

• Use TypeScript for the configuration file: press Enter (use default N)
• Do you want to use plugins: type sheets and press Enter

The project will be configured and modules will be installed.

2. Download https://sheetjs.com/pres.numbers and place in a _data folder:

mkdir _data
curl -LO https://sheetjs.com/pres.numbers
mv pres.numbers _data

3. Create a index.njk file that references the file. Since the file is pres.numbers, the parameter name is pres:

<h2>Presidents</h2>
<table><thead><th>Name</th><th>Index</th></thead>
  <tbody>
  {% for row in pres %}{% if (loop.index >= 1) %}
    <tr>
      <td>{{ row.Name }}</td>
      <td>{{ row.Index }}</td>
    </tr>
  {% endif %}{% endfor %}
  </tbody>
</table>

4. Run the development server:

deno task lume --serve

To verify it works, access http://localhost:3000 from your web browser. Adding a new row and saving pres.numbers should refresh the data

5. Stop the server (press CTRL+C in the terminal window) and run

deno task lume

This will create a static site in the _site folder, which can be served with:

npx http-server _site

Accessing the page http://localhost:8080 will show the page contents.

GatsbyJS

gatsby-transformer-excel generates nodes for each data row of each worksheet. The official documentation includes examples and more detailed usage instructions.

:::note

gatsby-transformer-excel is maintained by the Gatsby core team and all bugs should be directed to the main Gatsby project. If it is determined to be a bug in the parsing logic, issues should then be raised with the SheetJS project.

:::

ViteJS

:::note

Library integration in ViteJS is covered in "Bundlers" demo

:::

ViteJS supports static asset imports, but the default raw loader interprets data as UTF-8 strings. This corrupts binary formats like XLSX and XLS, but a custom loader can override the default behavior.

For a pure static site, a plugin can load data into an array of row objects. The SheetJS work is performed in the plugin. The library is not loaded in the page!

import { readFileSync } from 'fs';
import { read, utils } from 'xlsx';
import { defineConfig } from 'vite';

export default defineConfig({
  assetsInclude: ['**/*.xlsx'], // mark that xlsx file should be treated as assets

  plugins: [
    { // this plugin handles ?sheetjs tags
      name: "vite-sheet",
      transform(code, id) {
        if(!id.match(/\?sheetjs$/)) return;
        var path = id.replace(/\?sheetjs/, "");
        var wb = read(readFileSync(path));
        var data = utils.sheet_to_json(wb.Sheets[wb.SheetNames[0]]);
        return `export default JSON.parse('${JSON.stringify(data)}')`;
      }
    }
  ]
})

This loader uses the query sheetjs:

import data from './data.xlsx?sheetjs';

document.querySelector('#app').innerHTML = `<div><pre>
${data.map(row => JSON.stringify(row)).join("\n")}
</pre></div>`;

Base64 plugin (click to show)

This loader pulls in data as a Base64 string that can be read with XLSX.read. While this approach works, it is not recommended since it loads the library in the front-end site.

import { readFileSync } from 'fs';
import { defineConfig } from 'vite';

export default defineConfig({
  assetsInclude: ['**/*.xlsx'], // mark that xlsx file should be treated as assets

  plugins: [
    { // this plugin handles ?b64 tags
      name: "vite-b64-plugin",
      transform(code, id) {
        if(!id.match(/\?b64$/)) return;
        var path = id.replace(/\?b64/, "");
        var data = readFileSync(path, "base64");
        return `export default '${data}'`;
      }
    }
  ]
});

When importing using the b64 query, the raw Base64 string will be exposed. This can be read directly with XLSX.read in JS code:

import { read, utils } from "xlsx";

/* reference workbook */
import b64 from './data.xlsx?b64';
/* parse workbook and export first sheet to CSV */
const wb = await read(b64);
const wsname = wb.SheetNames[0];
const csv = utils.sheet_to_csv(wb.Sheets[wsname]);

document.querySelector('#app').innerHTML = `<div><pre>
<b>${wsname}</b>
${csv}
</pre></div>`;

NextJS

:::note

This was tested against next v12.2.5 on 2022 August 16.

:::

:::info

At a high level, there are two ways to pull spreadsheet data into NextJS apps: loading an asset module or performing the file read operations from the NextJS lifecycle. At the time of writing, NextJS does not offer an out-of-the-box asset module solution, so this demo focuses on raw operations. NextJS does not watch the spreadsheets, so next dev hot reloading will not work!

:::

The general strategy with NextJS apps is to generate HTML snippets or data from the lifecycle functions and reference them in the template.

HTML output can be generated using XLSX.utils.sheet_to_html and inserted into the document using the dangerouslySetInnerHTML attribute:

export default function Index({html, type}) { return (
  // ...
// highlight-next-line
  <div dangerouslySetInnerHTML={{ __html: html }} />
  // ...
); }

:::warning

fs cannot be statically imported from the top level in NextJS pages. The dynamic import must happen within a lifecycle function. For example:

/* it is safe to import the library from the top level */
import { readFile, utils, set_fs } from 'xlsx';
/* it is not safe to import 'fs' from the top level ! */
// import * as fs from 'fs'; // this will fail
import { join } from 'path';
import { cwd } from 'process';

export async function getServerSideProps() {
// highlight-next-line
  set_fs(await import("fs")); // dynamically import 'fs' when needed
  const wb = readFile(join(cwd(), "public", "sheetjs.xlsx")); // works
  // ...
}

:::

Strategies

"Static Site Generation" using getStaticProps

When using getStaticProps, the file will be read once during build time.

import { readFile, set_fs, utils } from 'xlsx';

export async function getStaticProps() {
  /* read file */
  set_fs(await import("fs"));
  const wb = readFile(path_to_file)

  /* generate and return the html from the first worksheet */
  const html = utils.sheet_to_html(wb.Sheets[wb.SheetNames[0]]);
  return { props: { html } };
};

"Static Site Generation with Dynamic Routes" using getStaticPaths

Typically a static site with dynamic routes has an endpoint /sheets/[id] that implements both getStaticPaths and getStaticProps.

• getStaticPaths should return an array of worksheet indices:

export async function getStaticPaths() {
  /* read file */
  set_fs(await import("fs"));
  const wb = readFile(path);

  /* generate an array of objects that will be used for generating pages */
  const paths = wb.SheetNames.map((name, idx) => ({ params: { id: idx.toString() } }));
  return { paths, fallback: false };
};

:::note

For a pure static site, fallback must be set to false!

:::

• getStaticProps will generate the actual HTML for each page:

export async function getStaticProps(ctx) {
  /* read file */
  set_fs(await import("fs"));
  const wb = readFile(path);

  /* get the corresponding worksheet and generate HTML */
  const ws = wb.Sheets[wb.SheetNames[ctx.params.id]]; // id from getStaticPaths
  const html = utils.sheet_to_html(ws);
  return { props: { html } };
};

"Server-Side Rendering" using getServerSideProps

:::caution Do not use on a static site

These routes require a NodeJS dynamic server. Static page generation will fail!

getStaticProps and getStaticPaths support static site generation (SSG).

getServerSideProps is suited for NodeJS hosted deployments where the workbook changes frequently and a static site is undesirable.

:::

When using getServerSideProps, the file will be read on each request.

import { readFile, set_fs, utils } from 'xlsx';

export async function getServerSideProps() {
  /* read file */
  set_fs(await import("fs"));
  const wb = readFile(path_to_file);

  /* generate and return the html from the first worksheet */
  const html = utils.sheet_to_html(wb.Sheets[wb.SheetNames[0]]);
  return { props: { html } };
};

Demo

Complete Example (click to show)

0. Disable NextJS telemetry:

npx next telemetry disable

Confirm it is disabled by running

npx next telemetry status

1. Set up folder structure. At the end, a pages folder with a sheets subfolder must be created. On Linux or MacOS or WSL:

mkdir -p pages/sheets/

2. Download the test file and place in the project root. On Linux or MacOS or WSL:

curl -LO https://docs.sheetjs.com/next/sheetjs.xlsx

3. Install dependencies:

npm i --save https://cdn.sheetjs.com/xlsx-latest/xlsx-latest.tgz next

4. Download test scripts:

Download and place the following scripts in the pages subfolder:

• index.js
• getServerSideProps.js
• getStaticPaths.js
• getStaticProps.js

Download [id].js and place in the pages/sheets subfolder.

:::caution Percent-Encoding in the script name

The [id].js script must have the literal square brackets in the name. If your browser saved the file to %5Bid%5D.js. rename the file.

:::

On Linux or MacOS or WSL:

cd pages
curl -LO https://docs.sheetjs.com/next/index.js
curl -LO https://docs.sheetjs.com/next/getServerSideProps.js
curl -LO https://docs.sheetjs.com/next/getStaticPaths.js
curl -LO https://docs.sheetjs.com/next/getStaticProps.js
cd sheets
curl -LOg 'https://docs.sheetjs.com/next/[id].js'
cd ../..

5. Test the deployment:

npx next

Open a web browser and access:

• http://localhost:3000 landing page
• http://localhost:3000/getStaticProps shows data from the first sheet
• http://localhost:3000/getServerSideProps shows data from the first sheet
• http://localhost:3000/getStaticPaths shows a list (3 sheets)

The individual worksheets are available at

• http://localhost:3000/sheets/0
• http://localhost:3000/sheets/1
• http://localhost:3000/sheets/2

6. Stop the server and run a production build:

npx next build

The final output will show a list of the routes and types:

Route (pages)                              Size     First Load JS
┌ ○ /                                      551 B          81.7 kB
├ ○ /404                                   194 B          77.2 kB
├ λ /getServerSideProps                    602 B          81.7 kB
├ ● /getStaticPaths                        2.7 kB         83.8 kB
├ ● /getStaticProps                        600 B          81.7 kB
└ ● /sheets/[id] (312 ms)                  580 B          81.7 kB
    ├ /sheets/0
    ├ /sheets/1
    └ /sheets/2

As explained in the summary, the /getStaticPaths and /getStaticProps routes are completely static. 3 /sheets/# pages were generated, corresponding to 3 worksheets in the file. /getServerSideProps is server-rendered.

7. Try to build a static site:

npx next export

:::note The static export will fail!

A static page cannot be generated at this point because /getServerSideProps is still server-rendered.

:::

8. Remove pages/getServerSideProps.js and rebuild with npx next build.

Inspecting the output, there should be no lines with the λ symbol:

Route (pages)                              Size     First Load JS
┌ ○ /                                      551 B          81.7 kB
├ ○ /404                                   194 B          77.2 kB
├ ● /getStaticPaths                        2.7 kB         83.8 kB
├ ● /getStaticProps                        600 B          81.7 kB
└ ● /sheets/[id] (312 ms)                  580 B          81.7 kB
    ├ /sheets/0
    ├ /sheets/1
    └ /sheets/2

9. Generate the static site:

npx next export

The static site will be written to the out subfolder, which can be hosted with

npx http-server out

The command will start a local HTTP server on port 8080.

NuxtJS

@nuxt/content is a file-based CMS for Nuxt, enabling static-site generation and on-demand server rendering powered by spreadsheets.

nuxt.config.js configuration

Through an override in nuxt.config.js, Nuxt Content will use custom parsers. Differences from a stock create-nuxt-app config are shown below:

import { readFile, utils } from 'xlsx';

// This will be called when the files change
const parseSheet = (file, { path }) => {
  // `path` is a path that can be read with `XLSX.readFile`
  const wb = readFile(path);
  const o = wb.SheetNames.map(name => ({ name, data: utils.sheet_to_json(wb.Sheets[name])}));
  return { data: o };
}

export default {
// ...

  // content.extendParser allows us to hook into the parsing step
  content: {
    extendParser: {
      // the keys are the extensions that will be matched.  The "." is required
      ".numbers": parseSheet,
      ".xlsx": parseSheet,
      ".xls": parseSheet,
      // can add other extensions like ".fods" as desired
    }
  },

// ...
}

Template Use

When a spreadsheet is placed in the content folder, Nuxt will find it. The data can be referenced in a view with asyncData. The name should not include the extension, so "sheetjs.numbers" would be referenced as "sheetjs":

  async asyncData ({$content}) {
    return {
      // $content('sheetjs') will match files with extensions in nuxt.config.js
      data: await $content('sheetjs').fetch()
    };
  }

In the template, data.data is an array of objects. Each object has a name property for the worksheet name and a data array of row objects. This maps neatly with nested v-for:

  <!-- loop over the worksheets -->
  <div v-for="item in data.data" v-bind:key="item.name">
    <table>
      <!-- loop over the rows of each worksheet -->
      <tr v-for="row in item.data" v-bind:key="row.Index">
        <!-- here `row` is a row object generated from sheet_to_json -->
        <td>{{ row.Name }}</td>
        <td>{{ row.Index }}</td>
      </tr>
    </table>
  </div>

Nuxt Content Demo

Complete Example (click to show)

:::note

This was tested against create-nuxt-app v4.0.0 on 2022 August 13.

:::

1. Create a stock app:

npx create-nuxt-app SheetJSNuxt

When prompted, enter the following options:

• Project name: press Enter (use default SheetJSNuxt)
• Programming language: press Down Arrow (TypeScript selected) then Enter
• Package manager: select Npm and press Enter
• UI framework: select None and press Enter
• Nuxt.js modules: scroll to Content, select with Space, then press Enter
• Linting tools: press Enter (do not select any Linting tools)
• Testing framework: select None and press Enter
• Rendering mode: select Universal (SSR / SSG) and press Enter
• Deployment target: select Static (Static/Jamstack hosting) and press Enter
• Development tools: press Enter (do not select any Development tools)
• What is your GitHub username?: press Enter
• Version control system: select None

The project will be configured and modules will be installed.

2. Install the SheetJS library and start the server:

cd SheetJSNuxt
npm i --save https://cdn.sheetjs.com/xlsx-latest/xlsx-latest.tgz
npm run dev

When the build finishes, the terminal will display a URL like:

ℹ Listening on: http://localhost:64688/

The server is listening on that URL. Open the link in a web browser.

3. Download https://sheetjs.com/pres.xlsx and move to the content folder.

4. Modify nuxt.config.js as described earlier

5. Replace pages/index.vue with the following:

<!-- sheetjs (C) 2013-present  SheetJS -- https://sheetjs.com -->
<template><div>
  <div v-for="item in data.data" v-bind:key="item.name">
    <h2>{{ item.name }}</h2>
    <table><thead><tr><th>Name</th><th>Index</th></tr></thead><tbody>
      <tr v-for="row in item.data" v-bind:key="row.Index">
        <td>{{ row.Name }}</td>
        <td>{{ row.Index }}</td>
      </tr>
    </tbody></table>
  </div>
</div></template>

<script>
export default {
  async asyncData ({$content}) {
    return {
      data: await $content('pres').fetch()
    };
  }
}
</script>

The browser should refresh to show the contents of the spreadsheet. If it does not, click Refresh manually or open a new browser window.

6. To verify that hot loading works, open pres.xlsx from the content folder in Excel. Add a new row to the bottom and save the file:

The server terminal window should show a line like:

ℹ Updated ./content/pres.xlsx                                       @nuxt/content 05:43:37

The page should automatically refresh with the new content:

7. Stop the server (press CTRL+C in the terminal window) and run

npm run generate

This will create a static site in the dist folder, which can be served with:

npx http-server dist

Accessing the page http://localhost:8080 will show the page contents. Verifying the static nature is trivial: make another change in Excel and save. The page will not change.