docs.sheetjs.com/05-output.md at ac6e3daa1c18f768e45465427e0c66a5e9eb6da6

asadbek064/docs.sheetjs.com

SheetJS c3741aaf05 more workarounds for MDX breaking changes

2024-04-12 03:11:07 -04:00

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title	sidebar_position
Data Export	5

import current from '/version.js'; import Tabs from '@theme/Tabs'; import TabItem from '@theme/TabItem'; import CodeBlock from '@theme/CodeBlock';

:::tip pass

The "Export Tutorial" is a gentle introduction to data processing and export.

:::

Writing Workbooks

API

Generate spreadsheet bytes (file) from data

var data = XLSX.write(workbook, opts);

The write method attempts to package data from the workbook into a file in memory. By default, XLSX files are generated, but that can be controlled with the bookType property of the opts argument. Based on the type option, the data can be stored as a "binary string", JS string, Uint8Array or Buffer.

The second opts argument is required. "Writing Options" covers the supported properties and behaviors.

Generate and attempt to save file

XLSX.writeFile(workbook, filename, opts);

The writeFile method packages the data and attempts to save the new file. The export file format is determined by the extension of filename (SheetJS.xlsx signals XLSX export, SheetJS.xlsb signals XLSB export, etc).

The second opts argument is optional. "Writing Options" covers the supported properties and behaviors.

Generate and attempt to save an XLSX file

XLSX.writeFileXLSX(workbook, filename, opts);

The writeFile method embeds a number of different export functions. This is great for developer experience but not amenable to tree shaking using the current developer tools. When only XLSX exports are needed, this method avoids referencing the other export functions.

The second opts argument is optional. "Writing Options" covers the supported properties and behaviors.

:::note pass

The writeFile and writeFileXLSX methods uses platform-specific APIs to save files. The APIs do not generally provide feedback on whether files were created.

:::

Examples

Here are a few common scenarios (click on each subtitle to see the code).

The demos cover special deployments in more detail.

Example: Local File

XLSX.writeFile supports writing local files in platforms like NodeJS. In other platforms like React Native, XLSX.write should be called with file data.

XLSX.writeFile wraps a few techniques for triggering a file save:

URL browser API creates an object URL for the file, which the library uses by creating a link and forcing a click. It is supported in modern browsers.
msSaveBlob is an IE10+ API for triggering a file save.
IE_FileSave uses VBScript and ActiveX to write a file in IE6+ for Windows XP and Windows 7. The shim must be included in the containing HTML page.

There is no standard way to determine if the actual file has been downloaded.

/* output format determined by filename */
XLSX.writeFile(workbook, "out.xlsb");
/* at this point, out.xlsb will have been downloaded */

:::caution Web Workers

None of the file writing APIs work from Web Workers. To generate a file:

use XLSX.write with type array to generate a Uint8Array:

// in the web worker, generate the XLSX file as a Uint8Array
const u8 = XLSX.write(workbook, { type: "array", bookType: "xlsx" });

send the data back to the main thread:

// in the web worker, send the generated data back to the main thread
postMessage({t: "export", v: u8 });

from the main thread, add an event listener to write to file:

// in the main page
worker.addEventListener('message', function(e) {
  if(e && e.data && e.data.t == "export") {
    e.stopPropagation();
    e.preventDefault();
    // data will be the Uint8Array from the worker
    const data = e.data.v;

    var blob = new Blob([data], {type:"application/octet-stream"});
    var url = URL.createObjectURL(blob);
    var a = document.createElement("a");
    a.download = "SheetJSXPort.xlsx";
    a.href = url;
    document.body.appendChild(a);
    a.click();
  }
});

:::

SWF workaround for Windows 95+ (click to show)

:::warning pass

Each moving part in this solution has been deprecated years ago:

Adobe stopped supporting Flash Player at the end of 2020
Microsoft stopped supporting IE8 in 2019 and stopped supporting IE9 in 2020
Downloadify support ended in 2010 and SWFObject support ended in 2016

New projects should strongly consider requiring modern browsers. This info is provided on an "as is" basis and there is no realistic way to provide support given that every related vendor stopped providing support for their software.

:::

XLSX.writeFile techniques work for most modern browsers as well as older IE. For much older browsers, there are workarounds implemented by wrapper libraries.

Downloadify uses a Flash SWF button to generate local files, suitable for environments where ActiveX is unavailable:

Downloadify.create(id,{
  /* other options are required! read the downloadify docs for more info */
  filename: "test.xlsx",
  data: function() { return XLSX.write(wb, {bookType:"xlsx", type:"base64"}); },
  append: false,
  dataType: "base64"
});

The oldie demo shows an IE-compatible fallback scenario.

writeFile uses fs.writeFileSync under the hood:

var XLSX = require("xlsx");

/* output format determined by filename */
XLSX.writeFile(workbook, "out.xlsb");

For Node ESM, fs must be loaded manually:

import * as fs from "fs";
import { writeFile, set_fs } from "xlsx";
set_fs(fs);

/* output format determined by filename */
writeFile(workbook, "out.xlsb");

As with Node ESM, fs must be loaded manually:

import * as fs from "fs";
import { writeFile, set_fs } from "xlsx";
set_fs(fs);

/* output format determined by filename */
writeFile(workbook, "out.xlsb");

writeFile uses Deno.writeFileSync under the hood:

{\ // @deno-types="https://cdn.sheetjs.com/xlsx-${current}/package/types/index.d.ts" import * as XLSX from 'https://cdn.sheetjs.com/xlsx-${current}/package/xlsx.mjs'; \n\ XLSX.writeFile(workbook, "test.xlsx");}

:::note pass

Applications writing files must be invoked with the --allow-write flag.

:::

writeFile can be used in the renderer process:

/* From the renderer process */
var XLSX = require("xlsx");

XLSX.writeFile(workbook, "out.xlsb");

Electron APIs have changed over time. The electron demo shows a complete example and details the required version-specific settings.

The React Native Demo covers tested plugins.

writeFile wraps the File logic in Photoshop and other ExtendScript targets. The specified path should be an absolute path:

#include "xlsx.extendscript.js"

/* Ask user to select path */
var thisFile = File.saveDialog("Select an output file", "*.xlsx;*.xls");
/* output format determined by filename */
XLSX.writeFile(workbook, thisFile.absoluteURI);

The extendscript demo includes complete examples for Photoshop and InDesign.

The headless demo includes complete examples of converting HTML TABLE elements to XLSB workbooks using Puppeteer and other headless automation tools.

Headless browsers may not have access to the filesystem, so XLSX.writeFile may fail. It is strongly recommended to generate the file bytes in the browser context, send the bytes to the automation context, and write from automation.

Puppeteer and Playwright are NodeJS modules that support binary strings:

/* from the browser context */
var bin = XLSX.write(workbook, { type:"binary", bookType: "xlsb" });

/* from the automation context */
fs.writeFileSync("SheetJSansHead.xlsb", bin, { encoding: "binary" });

PhantomJS fs.write supports writing files from the main process. The mode wb supports binary strings:

/* from the browser context */
var bin = XLSX.write(workbook, { type:"binary", bookType: "xlsb" });

/* from the automation context */
fs.write("SheetJSansHead.xlsb", bin, "wb");

Example: Server Responses

This example focuses on responses to network requests in a server-side platform like NodeJS. While files can be generated in the web browser, server-side file generation allows for exact audit trails and has better mobile user support.

:::caution pass

Production deployments should use a server framework like ExpressJS. These snippets use low-level APIs for illustration purposes.

:::

The Content-Type header should be set to application/vnd.ms-excel for Excel exports including XLSX. The default application/octet-stream can be used, but iOS will not automatically suggest to open files in Numbers or Excel for iOS

The Content-Disposition header instructs browsers to download the response into a file. The header can also include the desired file name.

NodeJS http.ServerResponse#end can accept Buffer objects. XLSX.write with buffer type returns Buffer objects.

/* generate Buffer */
const buf = XLSX.write(wb, { type:"buffer", bookType:"xlsx" });

/* prepare response headers */
res.statusCode = 200;
res.setHeader('Content-Disposition', 'attachment; filename="SheetJSNode.xlsx"');
res.setHeader('Content-Type', 'application/vnd.ms-excel');
res.end(buf);

Complete Example (click to show)

Install the library with

{\ npm i --save https://cdn.sheetjs.com/xlsx-${current}/xlsx-${current}.tgz}

Save the following script to node.js and run with node node.js:

const http = require('http');
const XLSX = require('xlsx');

const hostname = '127.0.0.1';
const port = 7262;

/* fixed sample worksheet */
const wb = XLSX.utils.book_new();
XLSX.utils.book_append_sheet(wb, XLSX.utils.aoa_to_sheet([
  ["a","b","c"], [1,2,3]
]), "Sheet1");

const server = http.createServer((req, res) => {
  const buf = XLSX.write(wb, { type:"buffer", bookType:"xlsx" });
  res.statusCode = 200;
  res.setHeader('Content-Disposition', 'attachment; filename="SheetJSNode.xlsx"');
  res.setHeader('Content-Type', 'application/vnd.ms-excel');
  res.end(buf);
});

server.listen(port, hostname, () => {
  console.log(`Server running at http://${hostname}:${port}/`);
});

Deno responses are expected to be Response objects. XLSX.write with buffer type returns Uint8Array objects that can be used in the Response.

/* generate Buffer */
const buf = XLSX.write(wb, { type:"buffer", bookType:"xlsx" });
/* return Response */
evt.respondWith(new Response(buf, {
  status: 200,
  headers: {
    "Content-Type": "application/vnd.ms-excel",
    "Content-Disposition": 'attachment; filename="SheetJSDeno.xlsx"'
  }
}));

Complete Example (click to show)

Save the following script to deno.ts and run with deno run -A deno.ts. Open a web browser and access http://localhost:7262/ to download the workbook.

{\ // @deno-types="https://cdn.sheetjs.com/xlsx-${current}/package/types/index.d.ts" import * as XLSX from 'https://cdn.sheetjs.com/xlsx-${current}/package/xlsx.mjs'; \n\ const wb = XLSX.utils.book_new(); XLSX.utils.book_append_sheet(wb, XLSX.utils.aoa_to_sheet([ ["a","b","c"], [1,2,3] ]), "Sheet1"); \n\ async function doNotAwaitThis(conn: Deno.Conn) { for await (const e of Deno.serveHttp(conn)) e.respondWith(new Response( XLSX.write(wb, {type:"buffer", bookType:"xlsx"}), { status: 200, headers: { "Content-Type": "application/vnd.ms-excel", "Content-Disposition": 'attachment; filename="SheetJSDeno.xlsx"' } } )); } \n\ /* standard Deno web server */ const server = Deno.listen({ port: 7262 }); console.log(\HTTP webserver running. Access it at: http://localhost:7262/`); for await (const conn of server) doNotAwaitThis(conn);`}

Bun responses are expected to be Response objects. XLSX.write with buffer type returns Buffer objects that can be used in the Response constructor.

/* generate Buffer */
const buf = XLSX.write(wb, { type:"buffer", bookType:"xlsx" });
/* return Response */
return new Response(buf, {
  headers: {
    "Content-Type": "application/vnd.ms-excel",
    "Content-Disposition": 'attachment; filename="SheetJSBun.xlsx"'
  }
});

Complete Example (click to show)

Download xlsx.mjs. Save the following script to bun.js and run with bun bun.js. Open a web browser and access http://localhost:7262/ to download the exported workbook.

import * as XLSX from "./xlsx.mjs";

/* fixed sample worksheet */
const wb = XLSX.utils.book_new();
XLSX.utils.book_append_sheet(wb, XLSX.utils.aoa_to_sheet([
  ["a","b","c"], [1,2,3]
]), "Sheet1");

export default {
  port: 7262,
  fetch(request) {
    /* generate Buffer */
    const buf = XLSX.write(wb, {type:"buffer", bookType:"xlsx"});
    /* return Response */
    return new Response(buf, {
      headers: {
        "Content-Type": "application/vnd.ms-excel",
        "Content-Disposition": 'attachment; filename="SheetJSBun.xlsx"'
      }
    });
  },
};

Example: Remote File

This example focuses on uploading files ("Ajax" in browser parlance) using APIs like XMLHttpRequest and fetch as well as third-party libraries.

:::caution pass

Some platforms like Azure and AWS will attempt to parse POST request bodies as UTF-8 strings before user code can see the data. This will result in corrupt data parsed by the server. There are some workarounds, but the safest approach is to adjust the server process or Lambda function to accept Base64 strings.

:::

The HTTP Uploads demo includes examples using browser APIs and wrapper libraries.

Under normal circumstances, a Blob can be generated from the array output:

/* in this example, send a Blob to the server */
var wbout = XLSX.write(workbook, { bookType: "xlsx", type: "array" });

/* prepare data for POST */
var blob = new Blob([new Uint8Array(wbout)], {type:"application/octet-stream"});
var formdata = new FormData();
formdata.append("file", blob, "test.xlsx");

/* perform POST request */
fetch("/upload", { method: 'POST', body: formdata });

When binary data is not supported, Base64 strings should be passed along. This will require the server to expect and decode the data:

/* in this example, send a Base64 string to the server */
var wbout = XLSX.write(workbook, { bookType: "xlsx", type: "base64" });

/* prepare data for POST */
var formdata = new FormData();
formdata.append("file", "test.xlsx"); // <-- server expects `file` to hold name
formdata.append("data", wbout); // <-- `data` holds the data encoded in Base64

/* perform POST request */
var req = new XMLHttpRequest();
req.open("POST", "/upload", true);
req.send(formdata);

XLSX.write with type: "buffer" will generate a NodeJS Buffer which can be used with standard NodeJS approaches for uploading data.

NodeJS releases starting from version 18.0 have native support for fetch:

const XLSX = require("xlsx");

async function upload_wb(workbook, url, name="test.xlsx", field="file") {
  const buf = XLSX.write(workbook, { bookType: "xlsx", type: "buffer" });
  const blob = new Blob([buf], {type:"application/octet-stream"});
  const body = new FormData();
  body.append(field, blob, name);

  /* perform POST request */
  return fetch(url, { method: 'POST', body });
}

Generating JSON and JS Data

JSON and JS data tend to represent single worksheets. The utility functions in this section work with single worksheets.

The "Common Spreadsheet Format" section describes the object structure in more detail. workbook.SheetNames is an ordered list of the worksheet names. workbook.Sheets is an object whose keys are sheet names and whose values are worksheet objects.

The "first worksheet" is stored at workbook.Sheets[workbook.SheetNames[0]].

API

Create an array of JS objects from a worksheet

var jsa = XLSX.utils.sheet_to_json(worksheet, opts);

Create an array of arrays of JS values from a worksheet

var aoa = XLSX.utils.sheet_to_json(worksheet, {...opts, header: 1});

The sheet_to_json utility function walks a workbook in row-major order, generating an array of objects. The second opts argument controls a number of export decisions including the type of values (JS values or formatted text). The "Array Output" section describes supported options.

By default, sheet_to_json scans the first row and uses the values as headers. With the header: 1 option, the function exports an array of arrays of values.

Examples

Example: Data Grids

x-spreadsheet is an interactive data grid for previewing and modifying structured data in the web browser.

react-data-grid is a data grid built for React. It uses two properties: rows of data objects and columns which describe the columns. The grid API can play nice with an array of arrays.

This demo starts by fetching a remote file and using XLSX.read to extract:

import { useEffect, useState } from "react";
import DataGrid from "react-data-grid";
import { read, utils } from "xlsx";

import 'react-data-grid/lib/styles.css';

const url = "https://sheetjs.com/pres.xlsx";

export default function App() {
  const [columns, setColumns] = useState([]);
  const [rows, setRows] = useState([]);
  useEffect(() => {(async () => {
    const wb = read(await (await fetch(url)).arrayBuffer());

    /* use sheet_to_json with header: 1 to generate an array of arrays */
    const data = utils.sheet_to_json(wb.Sheets[wb.SheetNames[0]], { header: 1 });

    /* see react-data-grid docs to understand the shape of the expected data */
    setColumns(data[0].map((r) => ({ key: r, name: r })));
    setRows(data.slice(1).map((r) => r.reduce((acc, x, i) => {
      acc[data[0][i]] = x;
      return acc;
    }, {})));
  })(); });

  return <DataGrid columns={columns} rows={rows} />;
}

vue3-table-lite is a VueJS 3 data table.

Example: Data Loading

"TensorFlow.js" covers strategies for generating typed arrays and tensors from worksheet data.

Populating a database (SQL or no-SQL) (click to show)

The data demo includes examples of working with databases and query results.

Generating HTML Tables

API

Generate HTML Table from Worksheet

var html = XLSX.utils.sheet_to_html(worksheet);

The sheet_to_html utility function generates HTML code based on the worksheet data. Each cell in the worksheet is mapped to a <TD> element. Merged cells in the worksheet are serialized by setting colspan and rowspan attributes.

Examples

The sheet_to_html utility function generates HTML code that can be added to any DOM element by setting the innerHTML:

var container = document.getElementById("tavolo");
container.innerHTML = XLSX.utils.sheet_to_html(worksheet);

Combining with fetch, constructing a site from a workbook is straightforward:

This example assigns the innerHTML of a DIV element:

{`\

It is generally recommended to use a React-friendly workflow, but it is possible to generate HTML and use it in React with dangerouslySetInnerHTML:

import * as XLSX from 'xlsx';

function Tabeller(props) {
  /* the workbook object is the state */
  const [workbook, setWorkbook] = React.useState(XLSX.utils.book_new());

  /* fetch and update the workbook with an effect */
  React.useEffect(() => { (async() => {
    /* fetch and parse workbook -- see the fetch example for details */
    setWorkbook(XLSX.read(await (await fetch("sheetjs.xlsx")).arrayBuffer()));
  })(); }, []);

  return workbook.SheetNames.map(name => ( <>
    <h3>name</h3>
    <div dangerouslySetInnerHTML={{
      /* this __html mantra is needed to set the inner HTML */
      __html: XLSX.utils.sheet_to_html(workbook.Sheets[name])
    }} />
  </> ));
}

The react demo includes more React examples.

It is generally recommended to use a VueJS-friendly workflow, but it is possible to generate HTML and use it in VueJS with the v-html directive:

import { read, utils } from 'xlsx';
import { reactive } from 'vue';

const S5SComponent = {
  mounted() { (async() => {
    /* fetch and parse workbook -- see the fetch example for details */
    const workbook = read(await (await fetch("sheetjs.xlsx")).arrayBuffer());
    /* loop through the worksheet names in order */
    workbook.SheetNames.forEach(name => {
      /* generate HTML from the corresponding worksheets */
      const html = utils.sheet_to_html(workbook.Sheets[name]);
      /* add to state */
      this.wb.wb.push({ name, html });
    });
  })(); },
  /* this state mantra is required for array updates to work */
  setup() { return { wb: reactive({ wb: [] }) }; },
  template: `
  <div v-for="ws in wb.wb" :key="ws.name">
    <h3>{{ ws.name }}</h3>
    <div v-html="ws.html"></div>
  </div>`
};

The vuejs demo includes more React examples.

Generating Single-Worksheet Snapshots

The sheet_to_* functions accept a worksheet object.

API

Generate a CSV from a single worksheet

var csv = XLSX.utils.sheet_to_csv(worksheet, opts);

This snapshot is designed to replicate the "CSV UTF-8 (.csv)" output type. "CSV and Text" describes the function and the optional opts argument in more detail.

Generate "Text" from a single worksheet

var txt = XLSX.utils.sheet_to_txt(worksheet, opts);

This snapshot is designed to replicate the "UTF-16 Text (.txt)" output type. "CSV and Text" describes the function and the optional opts argument in more detail.

Generate a list of formulae from a single worksheet

var fmla = XLSX.utils.sheet_to_formulae(worksheet);

This snapshot generates an array of entries representing the embedded formulae. Array formulae are rendered in the form range=formula while plain cells are rendered in the form cell=formula or value. String literals are prefixed with an apostrophe ', consistent with Excel's formula bar display.

"Formulae Output" describes the function in more detail.

Streaming Write

The streaming write functions are available in the XLSX.stream object. They take the same arguments as the normal write functions but return a NodeJS Readable Stream.

XLSX.stream.to_csv is the streaming version of XLSX.utils.sheet_to_csv.
XLSX.stream.to_html is the streaming version of XLSX.utils.sheet_to_html.
XLSX.stream.to_json is the streaming version of XLSX.utils.sheet_to_json.

Examples are included in "Large Datasets"

25 KiB Raw Blame History

Writing Workbooks

API

Examples

Example: Local File

Example: Server Responses

Example: Remote File

Generating JSON and JS Data

API

Examples

Example: Data Grids

Example: Data Loading

Generating HTML Tables

API

Examples

Generating Single-Worksheet Snapshots

API

Streaming Write

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